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  • 11
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: 306 (1991), S. 572-577 
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 629-632 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Methotrexate ; diarrhea ; Small intestine ; Prostaglandin ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intraperitoneal administration of methotrexate in a single dose of 40 mg/kg induces fluid accumulation in the small intestine of rats, significantly increasing jejunal PGE2 formation and simultaneously the amounts of PGE2 in the intestinal contents in vivo. Concomitantly, jejunal PGD2 and 6-keto-PGF1α generation and the amounts of these prostaglandins in the intestinal contents were significantly lowered. However, PGD2 and 6-keto-PGFα jejunal release, and the amounts of these prostaglandins found in the intestinal contents, were already low after a subletal dose (4 mg/kg) of methotrexate, whereas the jejunal release as well as the amounts in the intestinal contents of PGE2 were not altered. Fluid accumulation, the amounts of prostaglandins in the intestinal contents and jejunal release of prostaglandins are siginificantly inhibited by indomethacin. The increased jejunal synthesis of PGE2, with its enteropooling effect, may play a significant role in methotrexate-induced diarrhea in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 228 (1980), S. 351-363 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Suicide ; Clinical psychiatry ; Hospitalism ; Open-door ; Rehabilitation ; Suicid ; Klinikpsychiatrie ; Hospitalismus ; Open-door ; Rehabilitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Suicidzahlen psychiatrischer Klinikpatienten steigen in mehreren Ländern steiler an als die Aufnahmezahlen der Kliniken und als die Suicidraten der Regionen. Dies trifft auch für die eigene Klinik zu. Der klinische Suicidanstieg läßt sich aber nicht durch eine zunehmende „Vorverlegung“ von Suiciden erklären, die früher infolge der geschlosseneren Behandlung erst nach der Hospitalisierung geschehen wären. Dies zeigt die Überprüfung aller Suicidfälle der engeren Region in den letzten 20 Jahren hinsichtlich ihrer allfälligen vorangegangenen Hospitalisierungen. Auch die Zusammensetzung sowohl der Suicidierten wie aller Ausgetretenen nach Geschlecht, Alter, Hospitalisierungszahl, Hospitalisierungsdauer und Diagnose ist praktisch gleich geblieben und erklärt den klinischen Suicidanstieg nicht. In beiden Dezennien ereigneten sich die Suicide während der Hospitalisierung nach überdurchschnittlich langen, diejenigen bald (innert 3 Monaten) nach Klinikentlassung nach überdurchschnittlich kurzen letzten Hospitalisierungszeiten. Suchtkranke sind gegenüber ihrem Anteil an allen Ausgetretenen unter diesen katamnestisch Suicidierten ebenso stark übervertreten wie Depressive; Schizophrene dagegen sind untervertreten. Dem klinischen Suicidanstieg gehen liberalisierende Tendenzen der Klinikführung voran (vermehrte Ausgänge, Urlaube, Auswärtsarbeit, Abteilungsöffnungen). Die erhebliche Vermehrung der Arztstellen vermochte den Suicidanstieg nicht zu verhindern. Eine gewisse Rolle scheint der zunehmende, Hospitalismus-präventiv intendierte Rehabilitationsdruck zu spielen. Die Möglichkeiten der Suicidprävention werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In several countries the suicide rate for psychiatric inpatients has increased more than that for admissions and suicides in the general population. This was also the case in our clinic. This hypothesis was tested: today, because of more liberal management, suicides are committed during hospitalization that in an earlier and more restrictive age would have taken place after discharge. All suicides taking place 1960–1979 in the clinic's main catchment area were examined for previous hospitalization. The hypothesis was not supported. Over twenty years neither the suicide cases nor all discharged patients changed significantly in distribution of age, sex, number of previous admissions, duration of hospitalization, or diagnosis. Therefore, none of these variables explain the increase. In both decades, on the other hand, patients that committed suicide during their stay at the clinic had been hospitalized longer; those that committed suicide within three months after discharge had been hospitalized for a shorter time than the sum of discharged patients. Among the suicides that occurred after discharge, the percentage of depressives and addicts was higher and the percentage of schizophrenic patients was smaller than among all discharged patients. A Change in patient management (more time off, more working outside, more open wards) has preceded the increase in suicides; medical staff, however, has doubled over the decades considered here. Rising pressure for resocialization to avoid hospitalism may heighten suicidal behavior. Preventive measures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 189 (1973), S. 81-97 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine neue Darstellungsmethode für die Schwingung des „Bestandpotentials“ des menschlichen Auges nach einem Helligkeitswechsel vorgeschlagen. Dadurch gelingt es, jede Einzelkurve quantitativ zu vergleichen. Durch genügend lange Adaptation wird ein ruhiger Ausgangswert abgewartet und danach werden alle gemessenen Spannungswerte in % dieses Basiswertes (% BW) angegeben. Es wurden die inter- und intraindividuellen Schwankungen des Vorgangs ermittelt. Bei Einzelpersonen beträgt die relative Standardabweichung 3–6%, für mehrere Versuchspersonen 7–11%. Die Periodendauer der Hellschwingung beträgt 26,9±2,5 min, diejenige der Dunkelschwingung 33,4±3,0 min. Sowohl die interals auch intraindividuelle relative zeitliche Streuung ist mit etwa 8% gleich groß. Die verschiedenen Periodendauern der Schwingung bedingen im klinischen EOG-Test mit seiner festen Periode von 24 min (12 min dunkel — 12 min hell) einen Amplitudenunterschied von 15–20%. Mit der Zunahme der Höhe der Leuchtdichtedifferenz bei einem Hellsprung ist eine Amplitudenzunahme von 20,2 % BW/log Einheit und eine Zunahme des 1. Hellmaximums von 14% BW/log Einheit verbunden.
    Notes: Summary A new method for calibration of the oscillation of the resting potential of the human eye following a change in luminance is proposed, which allows quantitative comparison of individual EOG curves. Before the luminance is changed the basal level (BL) must be stable after a sufficiently long adaptation period. The voltage of the oscillation measured after a luminance change is expressed as a percentage of BL. Intraindividual variations in relative standard deviation following a change in luminance is 3–6%, and interindividual deviation in group of 30 subjects is 7–11%. The cycle time of oscillation following a luminance step is 26.9±2.5 min, and that following a step from light to darkness is 33.4±3 min. The inter- and intraindividual relative standard deviations from the mean cycle time are the same (8%). The oscillation of the “resting potential” has a maximum amplitude when stimulated with luminance steps separated by the half of the cycle time. Because of the finite duration of the clinical EOG test, different durations in different patients result in variations in the amplitude (15–20%) which are not connected with the oscillation itself. The first maximum after a luminance step from darkness to 10 asb is 134±19.2% BL. The first minimum after a step from 10 asb to darkness is 71.0%±7.4% BL. A more pronounced increase in luminance is associated with a higher amplitude of oscillation (20.2% BL/log unit) and an increase of 14% BL/log unit of the first light maximum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: stomach ; human gastric mucosa ; muscarinic receptor subtype ; acid secretion ; glandular M3 receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Five subtypes of muscarinic receptors have been distinguished by pharmacological and molecular biological methods. This report characterizes the muscarinic subtype present in human gastric mucosa by radioligand binding studies. The receptor density was 27 ±6 fmollmg protein and the tritiated ligand N-methylscopolamine had an affinity of (KD)0.39±0.08 nM (n=11). The M1 receptor selective antagonist pirenzepine and the M2 receptor selective ligand AF-DX 116 had low affinities of 148±32 nM (n=13) and 4043±1011 nM (n=3) KD,respectively. The glandular M3 antagonists hexahydrosiladifenidol and silahexocyclium had high affinities of KD 78±23 nM (n=5) and 5.6±1.8 nM (n=3). The agonist carbachol interacted with a single low-affinity site and binding was insensitive to modulation by guanine nucleotides. Antagonist and agonist binding studies thus showed an affinity profile typical of M3 receptors of the glandular type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 10 (1959), S. 356-374 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The yield of phosphorus in sorghum plants grown on samples of 22 different soils from the United States was determined in the greenhouse. Analyses of variance of the regressions of these values on the measurements of soil phosphorus by various laboratory methods were calculated as an aid in evaluating the methods. No general advantage was found from incubating the samples in moist condition for a week before analysis versus making the analysis on the initially-dry samples. In the order of decreasing precision of predicting the yields of phosphorus the methods are as follows: (1) anion-exchange resin method of Amer and coworkers, (2) 0.5M NaHCO3 method of Olsen and coworkers, (3) phosphate potential method of Schofield and Aslyng, (4) phosphorus concentration in the 0.01M CaCl2 extract of Schofield and Aslyng, and (5) 0.1N HCl, 0.03N NH4F method of Bray and Kurtz. After taking into account the additional variables, little or no improvement in precision of prediction was obtained when the phosphorussorbedvs. time curves for the anion-exchange-resin method were (a) divided into four segments on the basis of time, the quantities of phosphorus in the four segments being used as independent variables in a multiple-regression equation, or (b) broken down into a maximum of four components on the assumption that the overall curve represents the summation of a group of simultaneous first-order reactions, the quantities of phosphorus in the several components being used as independent variables in a multiple-regression equation. The precision of prediction was improved by using as the soil-phosphorus measurement the sum of the products of the rate of phosphorus extraction by the anion-exchange-resin method and the quantities of phosphorus extracted within individual time intervals. A logarithmic expression was used to fit the relationship, however, and it appeared that the greater precision of prediction resulted from the logarithmic transformation rather than the superiority of the method as such. The precision of prediction was improved also by using the H2PO 4 − concentration instead of the total-inorganic-phosphorus concentration as the independent variable in the 0.01M CaCl2 extracts of Schofield and Aslyng and by using the H2PO 4 − instead of the total inorganic phosphorus sorbed by the anion-exchange resin. This modification made the anion-exchange-resin method considerably better than the others tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A comparison was made of several laboratory methods for estimating the yield of phosphorus in plants grown in greenhouse cultures on samples of 22 soils from different parts of the United States. The methods investigated and their rank in order of increasing precision of the estimates of the yield of phosphorus were as follows: extraction with lactic acid, calcium lactate buffer solution ⪕ extraction with 2 per cent citric acid solution 〈 extraction with 0.03N NH4F, 0.025N HCl solution 〈 “percentage phosphorus saturation” (found as follows: 100 × labile phosphorus by isotopic dilution/ “phosphorus adsorption capacity” according to Langmuir adsorption equation) ⪕ labile phosphorus by isotopic dilution ⪕ phosphorus extracted by water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The response of Superheated Superconducting Granule (SSG) devices to nuclear recoils has been explored by irradiating SSG detectors with a 70MeV neutron beam. In the past we have tested Al SSG and more recently, measurements have been performed with Sn and Zn detectors. The aim of the experiments was to test the sensitivity of SSG detectors to recoil energies down to a few keV. In this paper, the preliminary results of the neutron irradiation of a SSG detector made of Sn granules 15–20µm in diameter will be discussed. For the first time, recoil energy thresholds of ∼1keV have been measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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