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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of maternal haemoglobin and ferritin on mid-pregnancy placental volume (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 102 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To investigate whether low maternal haemoglobin and ferritin levels are associated with increased placental volume by mid-pregnancy.Design Prospective study of women attending hospital for shared antenatal care.Setting A teaching hospital in the south of England.Subjects Five hundred and sixty-eight women booking for delivery in the hospital.Main outcome measures Placental volume measured by ultrasound at 18 weeks gestation.Results At 14 weeks gestation 9% of women had haemoglobin levels ≤ 11 g/dl and 26% had ferritin levels 〈 13 μg/1. Placental volume at 18 weeks was inversely related to the maternal haemoglobin and ferritin levels. The influence of haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations was independent of maternal social class, parity, smoking, and weight. Larger placentae were found in taller women, those who had previously been pregnant, and in those who were smoking more than 15 cigarettes daily at the time of their last menstrual period.Conclusion These data suggest that placental development is influenced from early in pregnancy by the intrauterine environment provided by the mother. In conjunction with other studies they support the proposal that, as a result of these changes, programming of adult blood pressure may be initiated in early pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09096.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal nutritional status in pregnancy and blood pressure in childhood (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 101 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To examine the relation between indices of maternal nutrition during pregnancy, including haemoglobin concentration, skinfold thickness and body weight, and the child's blood pressure at 10 to 12 years of age.Design Follow up study of children whose mothers had haemoglobin estimations, weights and skinfold thicknesses recorded during pregnancy.Setting Kingston, Jamaica.Subjects Seventy-seven children whose mothers took part in a prospective study of nutrition during pregnancy in relation to fetal growth.Main outcome measure Blood pressure at 10 to 12 years of age.Results The child's mean systolic pressure adjusted for current weight rose by 2.6 mmHg (95 % CI 0.5–4.6, P= 0.01) for each 1 g/dl fall in the mother's lowest haemoglobin during pregnancy. Mothers with a lower haemoglobin had thinner skinfold thicknesses, especially over the triceps (P= 0.005). In multiple regression analyses, taking account of the child's sex and current weight, there was a strong association between thin maternal triceps skinfold thickness at 15 weeks of gestation and raised blood pressure in the offspring. Taking account of the mother's triceps skinfold thickness abolished the relation between lower haemoglobin and raised blood pressure in the child. Lower weight gain between 15 and 35 weeks of gestation was independently associated with raised children's blood pressure. Systolic pressure rose by 10.7 mmHg (95 % CI 5.7 to 15.6, P= 0.0001) for each log mm decrease in the mother's triceps skinfold thickness, and by 0.6 mmHg (95% CI 0.1 to 1.0, P= 0.02) for each 1 kg decrease in the mother's weight gain during pregnancy.Conclusions These results parallel animal experiments suggesting that impaired maternal nutrition may underlie the programming of adult hypertension during fetal life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1994.tb11911.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Management in Britain (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 8 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1971.tb00839.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crassulacean Acid Metabolism: A Curiosity in Context (1978)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 29 (1978), S. 379-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.29.060178.002115
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disproportionate fetal growth and raised IgE concentration in adult life (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 24 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. A follow-up study was carried out to determine whether either impaired or disproportionate fetal growth are associated with a raised total serum IgE concentration in men and women aged 50 years. The serum IgE concentration was measured in 146 men and 134 women born in Preston (Lancashire, UK) between 1935 and 1943, whose size at birth had been measured in detail.Sixty-two subjects were found to have an IgE concentration above 80 IU/ml. Compared with subjects with a normal IgE on average they had a 0.30 inch larger head circumference at birth (P -0.004) and weighed 5.6 ounces more at birth (P= 0.04). People with a raised and with a normal IgE were of similar crown-heel length at birth, indicating that in utero those with a raised IgE had had disproportionate growth of the head in relation to the trunk and limbs. The prevalence of a raised IgE rose from 14% in subjects whose head circumference at birth was 13 inches or less to 37% in those whose head circumference was more than 14 inches. This association was independent of gestational age at birth and of the mother's pelvic size and parity. It was also independent of adult physique, social class and smoking, and was similar in men and women. In multiple logistic regression analyses odds ratios of a raised IgE rose progressively to more than 4 as head circumference at birth increased from 13 inches or less to more than 14 inches.One possibility is that these associations reflect the long-term effects of sustaining fetal brain growth at the expense of the trunk, in particular the thymus. This may be a consequence of fetal under-nutrition in late gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00968.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of maternal anaemia and iron deficiency on the ratio of fetal weight to placental weight (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 98 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective— To examine the maternal influences which determine large placental weight and a high ratio of placental weight to birthweight. These are known predictors of adult blood pressure.Design— Retrospective analysis of routine obstetric and haematology department records for a large cohort of pregnant women.Setting— John Radeliffe Hospital, Oxford.Subjects— 8684 pregnant women who were delivered between January 1987 and January 1989 and whose records could be linked to the results of two or more pregnancy blood counts.Main outcome measures— Placental weight and the ratio of placental weight to birthweight.Results— Large placental weight was associated with a low maternal haemoglobin and a fall in maternal mean cell volume during pregnancy. The highest ratio of placental weight to birthweight occurred in the most anaemic women with the largest falls in mean cell volume. Large placental weight and a high ratio of placental weight to birthweight were also independently associated with a high maternal body mass index. Maternal smoking reduced placental weight, but increased the ratio of placental weight to birthweight.Conclusions— Anaemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy are associated with large placental weight and a high ratio of placental weight to birthweight. This points to maternal nutritional deficiency as a cause for discordance between placental and fetal growth. This may have important implications for the prevention of adult hypertension, which appears to have its origin in fetal life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1991.tb13510.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The balance of malate synthesis and metabolism in response to ion uptake in excised wheat roots
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plant Science Letters 32 (1983), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-4211
    Keywords: Excised wheat roots ; Ion uptake ; Malate decarboxylation ; Malate synthesis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4211(83)90106-2
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid changes in xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation and photosystem II efficiency in two vines, Stephania japonica and Smilax australis, growing in the understory of an open Eucalyptus forest (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Leaves of Stephania japonica and Smilax australis were characterized in situ on the coast of north-eastern New South Wales, Australia, where they were growing naturally in three different light environments: deep shade, in the understory of an open Eucalyptus forest where they received frequent sunflecks of high intensity, and in an exposed site receiving full sunlight. In deep shade the xanthophyll cycle remained epoxidized during the day and the vast majority of absorbed light was utilized for photosynthesis. In the exposed site both deepoxidation and epoxidation of the xanthophyll cycle and changes in the level of xanthophyll-dependent thermal energy dissipation largely tracked the diurnal changes in photon flux density (PFD). In the understory the xanthophyll cycle became largely deepoxidized to zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin upon exposure of the leaves to the first high intensity sunfleck and this high level of deepoxidation was maintained throughout the day both during and between subsequent sunflecks. In contrast, thermal energy dissipation activity, and the efficiency of photosystem II, fluctuated rapidly in response to the changes in incident PFD. These findings suggest a fine level of control over the engagement of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin in energy dissipation activity, presumably through rapid changes in thylakoid acidification, such that they became rapidly engaged for photoprotection during the sunflecks and rapidly disengaged upon return to low light when continued engagement might limit carbon gain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00369.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    dr and spr/sr mutations of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii affecting D1 protein function and synthesis define two independent steps leading to chronic photoinhibition and confer differential fitness (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of introduced chloroplast gene mutations affecting D1 synthesis, turnover and function on photosynthesis, growth and competitive ability were examined in autotrophic cultures of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyta) adapted to low or high irradiance. Few discernible effects were evident when the mutants were grown in low light (LL, 70 μmol m−2 s−1). The herbicide-resistant psbA mutation Ser264→ Ala (dr) slowed electron transfer and accelerated D1 degradation in cells grown under high light (HL, 600 μmol m−2 s−1). The maximum rate of light-and CO2-saturated photosynthesis, cell growth rate and competitive ability in the dr mutant were reduced compared to wild type under HL. However, the wild-type rate of D1 synthesis in dr was adequate to compensate for accelerated D1 degradation. 16S rRNA mutations conferring resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin (spr/sr) that altered chloroplast ribosome structure and assembly were used to inhibit chloroplast protein synthesis. In spr/sr cells grown under HL, D1 synthesis was reduced by 40–60% compared to wild type and D1 degradation was accelerated, leading to a 4-fold reduction in D1 pool size. The reduced D1 levels were accompanied by an elevation of Fo and a decline in Fv/Fm, quantum yield and maximum rate of CO2-saturated photosynthesis. Chemostat experiments showed that the growth rate and competitive ability of spr/sr were reduced against both wild type and dr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-143.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotopic heterogeneity of water in transpiring leaves: identification of the component that controls the δ18O of atmospheric O2 and CO2 (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two direct but independent approaches were developed to identify the average δ18O value of the water fraction in the chloroplasts of transpiring leaves. In the first approach, we used the δ18O value of CO2 in isotopic equilibrium with leaf water to reconstruct the δ18O value of water in the chloroplasts. This method was based on the idea that the enzyme carbonic anhydrase facilitates isotopic equilibrium between CO2 and H2O predominantly in the chloroplasts, at a rate that is several orders of magnitude faster than the non-catalysed exchange in other leaf water fractions. In the second approach, we measured the δ18O value of O2 from photosynthetic water oxidation in the chloroplasts of intact leaves. Since O2 is produced from chloroplast water irreversibly and without discrimination, the δ18O value of the O2 should be identical to that of chloroplast water. In intact, transpiring leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus cv. giant mammoth) under the experimental conditions used, the average δ18O value of chloroplasts water was displaced by 3—10 % (depending on relative humidity and atmospheric composition) below the value predicted by the conventional Craig & Gordon model. Furthermore, this δ18O value was always lower than the δ18O value that was measured for bulk leaf water. Our results have implications for a variety of environmental studies since it is the δ18O value of water in the chloroplasts that is the relevant quantity in considering terrestrial plants influence on the δ18O values of atmospheric CO2 and O2, as well as in influencing the δ18O of plant organic matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00267.x
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