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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 389-402 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcium-binding protein (CaBP) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat cerebellum ; Development ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specific antibodies raised against a human 28 000 dalton cerebellar calcium-binding protein (CaBP) were used in an immunocytochemical study during development of the rat cerebellum. Both light and electron microscopy showed (1) that labelling was entirely restricted to the Purkinje cells, (2) that it appeared very early in Purkinje cell development, (3) that the entire cell was labelled from the tip of the smallest dendrites to the axonal terminals, and (4) that with increasing age, the immunoreaction appeared to be progressively restricted to the cell and organelle membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcium-binding protein (CaBP) ; Horizontal cells ; Retina ; Vitamin D ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Horizontal cells of rat retina were labeled intensely by a specific antibody to cerebellar calcium-binding protein. The amacrine cells stained very weakly. The presence of calcium-binding protein in horizontal cells could be of interest for the understanding of the feedback action of these cells on photoreceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: radiation grafting ; vinyl acetate ; fluoropolymer ; DTA ; mechanical properties ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study has been made of radiation-induced grafting of vinyl acetate (VAc) on to (tetrafluoroethylene-perfluorovinyl ether) copolymer (PFA). Effects of grafting conditions such as inhibitor and monomer concentrations and irradiation dose on the grafting yield were investigated. In this grafting system, ammonium ferrous sulphate (Mohr′s salt) was added to the monomer-solvent mixture to minimize the homopolymerization of VAc and the most suitable concentration was found to be 2.0 wt%. It was found that the dependence of the initial grafting rate on monomer concentration is of the order 1.5. The degree of grafting tends to level off at high irradiation doses due to the recombination of formed free radicals without initiating graft polymerization. Some properties of the prepared graft copolymer such as swelling behaviour, electrical conductivity, thermal and mechanical properties were also investigated. The electrical conductivity was improved by hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate) in the grafted chains to their respective vinyl alcohols. The tensile properties were improved by grafting; however, the elongation percent decreased. The DTA data showed thermal stability of such graft copolymers for temperatures up to 300°C, but stability decreased at higher temperatures.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31 (1986), S. 249-272 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Gamma radiation-induced graft copolymerization of either acrylic acid or styrene onto untreated cotton, alkali-treated cotton, and carbamoylethylated cottons having 0.392% N, 0.524% N, 0.725% N, 1.379% and 1.546% N was investigated under different conditions. Moisture regain and dyeability of these substrates before and after copolymerization were also examined. It was found that the graft yield increases by increasing monomer concentration and radiation dose irrespective of the monomer or substrate used. Using water-ethanol mixtures as polymerization media are advantageous for grafting of styrene. With both monomers, however, the graft yield for the modified cottons are substantially higher than untreated and alkali-treated cottons, indicating that the presence of carbamoylethyl in the molecular structure of cotton cellulose affords additional sites for graft copolymerization. Copolymers obtained using acrylic acid show much higher moisture regain that the ungrafted substrates, particularly when the carboxylic groups of the graft were in the sodium form. The opposite holds true for copolymers brought about by grafting with styrene. The color strength of all substrates dyed with a direct or a reactive dye decreases significantly after copolymerization with poly(acrylic acid) prior to dyeing. On the other hand, this copolymerization improves the affinity of the substrates for the basic dye and brings about perceptible shade. Copolymerization of the substrates in question with poly(styrene) improves the color strength of these substrates when dyed with direct, disperse, and basic dyes but decreases the color strength upon dyeing with a reactive dye.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 690-696 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcium-binding protein (CaBP) ; Cochlear hair cells ; Vestibular hair cells ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specific antibodies raised against human cerebellar calciumbinding protein (CaBP) intensely labelled the cochlear hair cells of the rat. The vestibular hair cells also stained weakly. In both inner and outer cochlear hair cells, the cuticular plate was the most stained area. These results suggest that CaBP may prevent excessive concentrations of intracellular calcium and thus modulate some Ca2+-mediated biochemical processes, especially at the level of the cuticular plate and stereocilia; CaBP could be involved in the mechanochemical coupling of hearing or vestibular function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 417-423 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(methyl methacrylate)-lead silicate composites were prepared with different amounts of crystalline or amorphous PbO-SiO2 binary composition (70 mole % PbO). The polymerization reaction was carried out in aqueous medium and in methanol-water mixture at 40°C using sodium bisulfite as initiator. The presence of lead silicate was found to increase the molecular weight of the poly(methyl methacrylate). The prepared composites were characterized by studying their shielding properties to γ radiation, mechanical hardness, dielectric constant, and thermal stability. It was found that lead silicate increases the absorbing power of the composites to γ radiation. This behavior was found to be dependent on the amount and the type of lead silicate (amorphous or crystalline). Gamma irradiation of the composites was found to cause chemical degradation of the poly(methyl methacrylate) leading to a decrease in mechanical hardness. Molecular weights of the poly(methyl methacrylate) for some of the composites were determined before and after irradiation viscosimetrically. Dielectric constants for some of the composites were determined at two different temperatures. The thermal stability of the composites was studied by means of an automatic thermogravimetric analyzer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 6237-6257 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Partially carboxymethylated cottons (PCMC) having 15.549, 27.409, and 46.834 meq —COOH/100 g cellulose as well as untreated cotton and alkali-treated cotton, which was prepared in an analogous manner to PCMC but, in the absence of monochloroacetic acid, were graft-copolymerized with either acrylic acid or styrene using gamma radiation under different conditions. Moisture regain and dyeing properties of the copolymers so obtained were investigated. It was found that the graft yeld increases by increasing monomer concentration and radiation dose irrespective of the monomer or substrate used. Using water/methanol mixtures as polymerization media are advantageous for grafting of styrene onto the substrates in question. The graft yields of PCMCs are much lower than those of unmodified and alkali-treated cottons when they were grafted with acrylic acid. In case of styrene on the other hand, the graft yields for PCMCs are higher than the corresponding yields obtained with the unmodified and alkali-treated cottons. Poly(acrylic acid)-PCMC graft copolymers show much higher moisture regain than PCMCs particulary when the carboxylic groups of the graft were in the sodium form. The opposite holds true for polystyrene-PCMC graft copolymers which exhibit much lower moisture regain as compared with PCMCs. The color strength of PCMC dyed with direct or reactive dyes decreases significantly after being copolymerized with poly(acrylic acid) prior to dyeing. On the other hand, this copolymerization improves the affinity of PCMCs for the basic dye and brings about perceptible shade. Polystyrene-PCMC graft copolymers acquire higher color strength than the PCMC when dyed with direct, disperse, and basic dyes but lower color strength upon dyeing with the reactive dye. Also reported were the moisture regain and dyeability of unmodified and alkali-treated cotton before and after copolymerization with acrylic acid or styrene for comparison.
    Additional Material: 11 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 103 (1982), S. 87-96 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Polymerisation von Methylmethacrylat in Wasser unter Verwendung von Natriumbisulfit als Initiator wurde unter Stickstoff in Anwesenheit von Nickelmetallpulver, Nickel-Oxiden und -salzen bei 40, 50 und 60°C untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daß Nickelmetallpulver die Polymerizationsreaktion verzögert und die scheinbare Aktivierungsenergie von 6,4 kcal/mol bis 13,3 kcal/mol zunimmt. Es wurde auch gefunden, daß Nickelsalze und Nickeloxide initiierend wirken; Nickelnitrat hat den höchsten katalytischen Einfluß und bewirkt Verringerung der Molmasse. Nickelsulfat hat die schwächste katalysierende Wirkung und führt zur Bildung der höchsten Molmassen.
    Notes: Polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in water was carried out in presence of nickel metal powder, some of its oxides and salts at temperatures of 40, 50, and 60°C using sodium bisulfite as an initiator. It has been found that nickel metal powder retards the polymerization reaction, and increases the apparent activation energy from 6.4 kcal/mol to 13.3 kcal/mol, while nickel salts and nickel oxides were found to catalyze the polymerization process. Nickel nitrate was found to have the highest catalytic effect and resulted in the formation of the least average molecular weights. Nickel sulfate resulted in obtaining the least salt catalytic effect and the highest average molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 134 (1985), S. 37-62 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sechs Substrate, unbehandelte Baumwolle (Substrat I), alkalibehandelte Baum-wolle (Substrat II) und cyanoethylierte Baumwolle, die 0,12% N (Substrat III), 0,55% N (Sustrat IV), 0,77% N (Substrat V) und 1,24% N (Substrat VI) enthielten, wurden pfropfcopolymerisiert, entweder mit Acrylsäure oder Styrol mit unterschiedlichen Monomerkonzentrationen und Bestrahlungsdosen. Der Einfluß unterschiedlicher Anteile Wasser/Methanol im Reaktionsmedium auf die Pfropfcopolymerisation wurde untersucht. Ferner wurden Feuchtigkeitsrückhaltevermögen und Färbbarkeit der Substrate vor und nach der Copolymerisation geprüft. Es zeigte sich, daß die Pfropfausbeute mit zunehmender Monomerkonzentration und Bestrahlungsdosis ansteigt, unabhängig von dem verwendeten Monomeren oder Substrat. Die Verwendung von Wasser/Methanol-Gemischen als Polymerisationsmedium war beim Pfropfen von Styrol vorteilhaft. Für gegebene Polymerisationsbedingungen zeigt die Pfropfausbeute folgende Reihe: Substrat VI 〉 Substrat V 〉 Substrat IV 〉 Substrat III 〉 Substrat II 〉 Substrat I, was darauf hinweist, daß die Anwensenheit der Cyanoethylgruppe in der Molekülstruktur der Baumwollcellulose zusätzliche Stellen zur Pfropfcopolymerisation benötigt. Polyacrylsäure-cyanoethylierte Baumwollpfropfcopolymere zeigten ein viel höheres Feuchtigkeitsrückhaltevermögen als cyanoethylierte Baumwolle, insbesondere wenn die Carboxylgruppen beim Pfropfen in der Form des Natriumsalzes vorlagen.Das Gegenteil war der Fall für Polystyrol-cyanoethylierte Baumwollcopolymere, die ein viel geringeres Feuchtigkeitsrückhaltevermögen zeigen im Vergleich mit cyanoethylierter Baumwolle.Die Farbtiefe der cyanoethylierten Baumwolle, die mit Direkt- oder Reaktivfarbstoffen gefärbt wurde, nimmt deutlich nach der Copolymerisation mit Polyacrylsäure vor dem Färben ab. Andererseits verbessert die Copolymerisation die Affinität der cyanoethylierten Baumwolle für den basischen Farbstoff und wirkt sich merklich auf den Farbton aus.In bezug auf Polystyrol-cyanoethylierte Baumwoll-Pfropfcopolymere erlangen sie eine höhere Farbtiefe als die cyanoethylierten Baumwollen, wenn sie mit Direkt-, Dispersions- und basischen Farbstoffen, jedoch geringere Farbtiefe, wenn sie mit Reaktivfarbstoffen gefärbt wurden. Zum Vergleich wird über das Feuchtigkeitsrückhaltevermögen und Färbbarkeit von unbehandelter und alkalibehandelter Baumwolle vor und nach der Copolymerisation mit Acrylsäure oder Styrol berichtet.
    Notes: Six substrates, untreated cotton (substrate I), alkali-treated cotton (substrate II), and cyanoethylated cottons having 0.12% N (substrate III), 0.55% N (substrate IV), 0.77% N (substrate V) and 1.24% N (substrate VI) were graft copolymerized with either acrylic acid or styrene at different monomer concentrations and radiation dosages. The effect of using water/methanol mixtures at different ratios as polymerization media for graft copolymerization of the six substrates with styrene on the graft yield was also investigated. Furthermore, moisture regain and dyeability of the six substrates before and after copolymerization were examined. It was found that the graft yield increases by increasing monomer concentration and radiation dose irrespective of the monomer or substrate used. Using water/methanol mixtures as polymerization media was advantageous for grafting of styrene onto the six substrates. Nevertheless, for a given set of polymerization conditions, the graft yield follows the order: substrate VI 〉 substrate V 〉 substrate IV 〉 substrate III 〉 substrate II 〉 substrate I, indicating that presence of cyanoethyl groups in the molecular structure of cotton cellulose affords additional sites for graft polymerization. Poly(acrylic acid)-cyanoethylated cotton graft copolymers show much higher moisture regain than cyanoethylated cottons particularly when the carboxylic groups of the graft were in the sodium form. The opposite holds true for poly(styrene)-cyanoethylated cotton graft copolymers which exhibit much lower moisture regain as compared with cyanoethylated cottons. The colour strength of cyanoethylated cotton dyed with direct or reactive dyes decreases significantly after copolymerization with poly(acrylic acid) prior to dyeing. On the other hand, this copolymerization improves the affinity of cyanoethylated cottons for the basic dye and brings about perceptible shade. With respect to poly(styrene)-cyanoethylated cotton graft copolymers, they acquire higher colour strength than the cyanoethylated cottons when dyed with direct, disperse, and basic dyes but lower colour strength upon dyeing with the reactive dye. Also reported were the moisture regain and dyeability of untreated and alkali-treated cotton before and after copolymerization with acrylic acid or styrene for comparison.
    Additional Material: 11 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 719-727 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with sodium bisulfite as initiator was carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere with and without inorganic substances like copper metal, cupric and cuprous oxides, and cupric sulfide. It was also done in the presence of organocopper compounds like copper phthalocyanine and copper biphthalocyanine. The catalytic effect of these compounds was studied. Mildly heated cupric sulfide proved to have a small catalytic effect on the polymerization process that may be attributed to the retarding effect of the released elementary sulfur. The catalytic effect of the different copper compounds and the copper metal equivalent contained in them was studied. The polymerization process revealed that cuprous and cupric oxides possess the highest catalytic influence. An attempt was made to investigate the role of the different anions on the polymerization process. It was found that an increase on the concentration of the copper compounds leads to a corresponding increase in the catalytic effect. It was also observed that the behavior of insoluble copper catalysts is different from that of the soluble. The effect of these catalysts on the average molecular weight of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) produced was also examined.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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