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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of increase in prostaglandin F2-alpha after recirculation in global ischemic rat brains (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1987), S. 62-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: prostaglandin F2α ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ischemia ; Recirculation ; Carbodiimide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical localization of prostaglandin F2α (PG F2α) was studied in 24 rats. In 21 rats, global brain ischemia was produced for 5 min by Pulsinelli's method. Prior to decapitation, 13 were recirculated for 5 min, while the remaining eight were not. Three recirculated rats were pretreated with indomethacin before the occlusion. Hypotension was induced during the occlusion to 40–50 mm Hg of mean arterial blood pressure in 11 rats including those unrecirculated, recirculated and pretreated with indomethacin. Three normal rats without occlusion of arteries served as control. The brains were snap frozen and 10-μm cryostat sections were incubated in rabbit anti-PG F2α serum and stained by the indirect immunofluorescence method after fixation in carbodiimide and in Zamboni's solution. Positive staining for PG F2α was noted mainly in pial vessels in normal and ischemic rats both with and without hypotension. The rats recirculated without hypotensive ischemia revealed a positive reaction in the walls of pial and parenchymal vessels. All rats recirculated after the hypotensive occlusion showed positive staining in blood vessels, in the cytoplasm of neurons (especially in hippocampi) and in the interfascicular oligodendrocytes. The above results indicate that recirculation after ischemia results in an increase in PG F2α in parenchymal vessels, neurons and oligodendrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686794
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid increase of prostaglandin F2-alpha in neurons after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats: an immunohistochemical study (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 621-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Subarachnoid hemorrhage ; Prostaglandin F2-alpha ; Hippocampus ; Purkinje cell ; Intracranial hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with various degrees of increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) on the staining of prostaglandin F2-alpha (PG F2α) were studied in rat brains. SAH was produced in 18 rats by injection of 0.18–0.20 ml of autologous arterial blood/100 g body weight into the cisterna magna. By changing the speed of injection, the ICP was transiently increased by 346±68 (mean±S.D.) mm Hg in eight rats (including three pretreated with indomethacin), by 200±42 mm Hg in five rats, and by 6±4 mm Hg in the other five. Three rats injected with the same volume of mock cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with ICP increased by 217±67 mm Hg and five normal rats without injection served as controls. All animals were decapitated 15 min after injection. The cryosections were stained for PG F2α using an indirect immunofluorescence method. Positive staining for PG F2α was noted only in pial vessels in all normal and mock-CSF-injected rats. In SAH rats with ICP increased by 6±4 mm Hg, there was a positive reaction in hippocampal neurons and Purkinje cells as well as blood vessels. SAH rats with higher ICP showed stronger PG F2α staining in the above areas, as well as in cerebellar granule cells. All rats pretreated with indomethacin showed a smaller increase in staining. The above results indicate that subarachnoid blood clots per se produce a rapid increase of PG F2α in neurons and blood vessels of both cerebrum and cerebellum, and that this increase is augmented by intracranial hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691289
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of transient increase in prostaglandin F2-alpha after recirculation in global ischemic rat brains (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 496-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Prostaglandin F2-alpha ; Immunohistochemistry ; Transient increase ; Hippocampus ; Purkinje cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The changes in prostaglandin F2-alpha (PG F2α) staining over 3 days of recirculation in both fore-and hindbrains were studied. Five minutes of global ischemia was produced in 24 rats by Pulsinelli's method with hypotension around 50 mm Hg of mean arterial blood pressure. Eight rats (including three pretreated with indomethacin) were recirculated for 5 min, three for 1 h, five for 2 h and five for 3 days. Five normal rats without occlusion of vessels served as controls. The brains were snap frozen. Ten-micrometer cryosections were stained for PG F2α by the indirect immunofluorescence method after fixation in carbodiimide and in Zamboni's solution. Positive staining for PG F2α was noted in pial vessels in all normal and ischemic rats. Recirculated rats revealed the strongest reaction at 5 min after recirculation in blood vessels and in neuronal cytoplasm (especially in hippocampi and in Purkinje cells). The intensity of staining was markedly reduced after 1 h. Rats pretreated with indomethacin showed less increase in staining. The above results indicate that recirculation after ischemia produces a transient increase in PG F2α in blood vessels and neurons of both fore- and hindbrains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686389
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the association between schizophrenia and the dopamine D3 receptor gene (1993)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 92 (1993), S. 336-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A study of the genetic association between schizophrenia and aBalI polymorphism in exon 1 of the dopamine D3 (DRD3) gene, a candidate gene for schizophrenia, was conducted. The polymorphism was examined in 91 patients whose symptoms satisfied DSM-III-R for schizophrenia and 90 controls. There were no significant differences between the groups in allele frequencies or genotype counts. Contrary to a previous report, the patients were no more likely to be homozygous than controls. Moreover, no association with the presence of illness could be demonstrated when the patients were grouped according to sex, age of onset, history of admission to psychiatric institutions or positive family history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01247330
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metoclopramide in a patient with renal failure may be an increased risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 717-717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709759
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Pt/TiO2 nanocomposite films prepared by sputtering and pulsed laser deposition (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. S771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 81.15.Cd; 81.15.Fg; 78.66.Sq
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Pt/TiO2 nanocomposite films were prepared by sputtering and pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The Pt/Ti atomic ratios in the films deposited by the PLD were smaller than those in the ablation targets and those in the films prepared by sputtering. At low Pt concentration, Pt is deposited as PtO2 in the films prepared by sputtering, whereas metallic Pt is deposited in the films prepared by PLD. The Pt nanoparticle size in the as-deposited Pt/TiO2 nanocomposite films prepared by PLD was about 30 nm, which is quite large compared to the 1–2-nm size in the sputter-deposited films. Pt nanoparticles were produced in the growth processes via surface diffusion, which can be reflected by the kinetic energy of the chemical species spread from the target. It can be inferred from the optical measurements of heated Pt/TiO2 nanocomposite films that new energy levels are produced in the band gap of TiO2 by the homogeneous dispersion of Pt nanoparticles in the TiO2 matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051526
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antipyrine clearance in patients with Gilbert's syndrome (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 297-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Gilbert's syndrome ; antipyrine clearance ; drug oxidizing capacity ; smoking habit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic parameters of antipyrine (AP) were examined in 45 normal healthy subjects (18 heavy smokers, 5 mild smokers, and 22 nonsmokers) and in 12 patients with Gilbert's syndrome (GS), amongst whom 2 mild and 1 heavy smokers were included. Heavy smokers were defined as persons smoking more than 20 cigarettes/day and mild smokers as those smoking less than 10 cigarettes/day. Significant differences (unpaired Student's t-test) in the elimination t1/2 of AP among the study groups and in its total plasma clearance (CL) were observed without any change in the apparent volume of distribution. The individual CL values varied within the same study groups, but the mean±SD (0.026±0.004 l/h/kg) in the GS patients did not significantly differ from that in normal nonsmokers (0.025±0.006 l/h/kg) or in normal mild smokers (0.028±0.001 l/h/kg). When the 3 patients with GS who smoked were excluded, the mean CL of the group (0.025 l/h/kg) was again comparable to that of the normal nonsmokers and mild smokers. The mean (±SD) CL in normal heavy smokers (0.040±0.012 l/h/kg) was significantly greater than in normal mild smokers (p〈0.05), in normal nonsmokers (p〈0.001) and in patients with GS (p〈0.001). The results suggest that drug oxidation capacity estimated from the total plasma CL of AP appears unimpaired in GS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542163
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen following single oral, intramuscular and rectal doses and after repeated oral administration (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 407-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ketoprofen ; pharmacokinetics ; relative bioavailability ; single doses ; repeated doses ; prediction of kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen was studied in the same healthy subjects after single oral, intramuscular and rectal doses, and after repeated oral administration. No significant difference in the mean t1/2 (1.13–1.27 h) was observed after the different modes of administration. The mean [AUC] 0 ∞ after rectal administration of a suppository showed the minimum significant difference (p〈0.05) from that after oral administration of the capsule. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) was approximately 10–15% of body weight. The renal contribution (mean, 0.10–0.15 ml/min/kg) to the plasma clearance of free ketoprofen was assumed to be, at most, 8.3–12.9%. The projected cumulative excretion of total (free plus conjugated) ketoprofen via urine exceeded 63–75% of the dose, of which approximately 90% was ketoprofen glucuronide. A mean of 71–96% and 73–93% of the oral capsule was estimated to be systemically available after administration of the intramuscular preparation and rectal suppository, respectively. In four of seven subjects, CPK concentration was elevated after the intramuscular injection. The mean steady-state concentration of ketoprofen in plasma ranged from 0.43 to 5.62 µg/ml after the final dose of a 50 mg q.i.d. regimen. The disposition data and plasma levels observed at steady-state were in agreement with those predicted from the single oral dose study. The accumulation ratio was 1.08±0.08. The results suggest that the rectal suppository can be recommended as an extravascular mode of administration of this drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00636794
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline following plain uncoated and sustained-release dosage forms in relation to smoking habit (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 361-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; smoking ; sustained release formulation ; dosage forms ; multidose pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; circadian variation in kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of theophylline following 10 days of multiple doses of a plain uncoated (640 mg, q.i.d.) and a sustained-release tablet formulation (600 mg, b.i.d.) were related to habitual smoking in 11 healthy adult male volunteers, who had previously taken part in a single-dose study of an intravenous preparation of theophylline and of the same oral dosage form. There were significant differences (p〈0.05 to 0.01) in the steady-state mean and minimum theophylline concentration and AUC between the groups (6 smokers versus 5 nonsmokers), but not between other variables. A difference (p〈0.05) in peak time was also found between the dosage forms. The mean elimination t1/2 was significantly (p〈0.05) shorter in smokers than in nonsmokers. The intersubject variability in plasma theophylline concentration observed on the final trial day in the smoking group was larger and diverged more from simulation curves generated from the mean pharmacokinetic parameters of the single-dose study of the same formulations as compared to that of the nonsmoking group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean accumulation ratio and absolute bioavailability of the two dosage forms. The mean morning (7 a.m.) trough theophylline concentrations after both formulations were significantly (p〈0.05 to 0.01) greater than the evening (7 p.m.) values within the same group. The average number of reported side-effects was significantly (p〈0.001) greater during the earlier period (Days 1 to 3) than the later period of the trial. A trend was observed suggesting that the incidence of side-effects was less in smokers than in nonsmokers. The results indicate that smoking is a determinant not only of enhanced elimination of theophylline but that it also produces more variability in the plasma level, irrespective of the dosage form administered or the dosing scheme employed. There may be circadian variation in theophylline kinetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610056
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline in plain uncoated and sustained-release dosage forms in relation to smoking habit I. Single dose study (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 79-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; smoking habit ; absolute bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; sustained release preparation ; plain tablet preparation ; antipyrine pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline from a plain uncoated and 2 newly designed, sustained-release tablet formulations, as compared to intravenous aminophylline, were studied in 12 healthy adult male volunteers. The subjects were divided into two groups (n=6) with respect to smoking habit and on 4 separate occasions each received, on a randomized cross-over basis, a single dose of 400 mg equivalent of theophylline from every dosage form. The intravenous aminophylline study showed that habitual smoking had a significant (p〈0.05) effect on plasma theophylline clearance (0.051±0.006 vs 0.035±0.004 l/kg/h). Smoking significantly reduced the raw AUC from the 4 dosage forms (p〈0.05), but did not change the characteristics of absorption of each formulation. There was a non-significant trend towards reduced absolute bioavailability of theophylline from sustained-release formulations in smokers (percentage mean difference — 16% for one formulation and 13% for another). The trend was not observed for the plain uncoated tablet, which was rapidly absorbed (p〈0.01 to 0.05 in Ka, tmax and Cmax compared to sustained-release tablets). Similarity of the in vitro dissolution profiles of the two sustained-release formulations did not imply similarity of the in vivo absorption characteristics. Plasma clearances of theophylline and antipyrine were significantly correlated (p〈0.05,r=0.693,n=10). Thus, smoking enhanced the elimination of theophylline regardless of the dosage form administered. However, the extent to which habitual smoking may affect the hepatic first-pass effect on theophylline from sustained-release formulations requires further study. The results also suggest that theophylline and antipyrine may share a similar or common and presumably polycyclic hydrocarbon-inducible form(s) of microsomal drugmetabolizing enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613931
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