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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 26 (1961), S. 4181-4182 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 44 (1959), S. 83-118 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein elektronischer Schallspektrograph wurde benutzt, um die nichtstationären Vorgänge in komplizierten Erdbeben- und Explosionswellen zu analysieren. Die Analyse von nichtstationären Vorgängen mittels dieses Schallspektrographen ergibt unmittelbar die Gruppengeschwindigkeit jeder einzelnen Spektralfrequenz für die verschiedenen seismischen Wellenphasen, die ja solche nichtstationären Vorgänge darstellen. Verglichen mit einer gewöhnlichen Frequenzanalyse liefert diese Art von Analyse die Spektralfeinstruktur des zeitlich sich ändernden Signals und nicht ein Mittel über ein Zeitintervall, das einen grösseren Teil des seismischen Schwingungsablaufs umfasst. Sowohl Dispersionserscheinungen in derP-Welle als auch deren diskretes Amplitudenspektrum wurden mit Hilfe dieser Analyse seismischer Signale festgestellt. Dispersion wurde mit ziemlicher Wahrscheinlichkeit auch bei derS-Welle beobachtet, und in den verschiedenen mehrfachreflektiertenS-Wellen zeigt sich in aufeinanderfolgenden Reflexionen eine Periodenzunahme. Das disperse Erscheinungsbild der Oberflächenwellen in ihrer Grundschwingungstype und den zugehörigen Schwingungstypen höherer Ordnung wurde für ozeanischen, kontinentalen und gemischten Weg aufgenommen. Unter diesen Wellentypen findet sich eine klare Andeutung der kontinentalen Scherschwingungsform zweiter Ordnung vom Rayleigh-Typus (Second Shear Mode). Die Aufspaltung von Oberflächenwellen für direkten und antipodalen Weg wurde ebenfalls erreicht. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den von herkömmlichen Methoden stammenden Resultaten. Die Dispersion von Wellentypen erster und höherer Ordnung, die durch Explosionen im Seichtwasser angeregt werden, kann leicht an Hand der Schallspektrogramme und momentanen Amplitudenspektren ihrer seismischen Signale untersucht werden. Solche Seichtwasserdetonationen zeigen Pulsationen und Airy-Phasen, die sich eindeutig auf den Spektrogrammen und Amplitudenbildern abzeichnen.
    Notes: Summary An electronic sound spectrograph has been used to analyze the transients in complicated earthquake and explosion signals. Transient analysis with a sound spectrograph gives a means for directly obtaining group velocity at each of the spectral frequencies for each of the separate arrival branches, for any type of transient signal. Compared to frequency analysis, it presents the fine spectral structure of the signal as it changes with time, not an average over a time that includes many parts of the seismic signal. Dispersion as well as the body wave spectrum of theP wave has been observed by transient analysis of seismic signals. Dispersion has also possibly been observed in theS wave, and in the various multiply reflectedS waves, which have been found to increase in period from one arrival to the next. The dispersed pattern of arrival of fundamental and higher mode surface waves has been observed for oceanic, continental, and mixed paths. Among these signals is a clear indication of the continental second shear mode. The separation of surface waves for the direct and complementary paths has also been accomplished. Our results compare well with those obtained by standard techniques. The dispersion of the fundamental and higher mode signals from explosive sources in shallow water may be easily studied by making sound spectrograms and amplitude sections of these seismic signals. These shallow water shots show bubble pulses and Airy phases, which are clearly defined on the spectrograms and sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin action ; diabetes mellitus ; euglycaemic clamp ; C peptide ; nitric oxide.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims. To study the effects of physiological concentrations of rat proinsulin C peptide I and II, respectively, on whole body glucose utilization in streptozotocin diabetic and healthy rats. Methods. A sequential insulin clamp procedure was used (insulin infusion rates 3.0 and 30.0 mU · kg–1· min–1) in awake animals. C-peptide infusion rates were 0.05 and 0.5 nmol · kg–1· min–1. Blood glucose was clamped at 7.7 ± 0.3 mmol/l in the diabetic rats and at 3.9 ± 0.1 mmol/l in the healthy rats. Results. In diabetic rats infused at lower rates of C peptide and insulin, glucose utilization increased by 79–90 % (p 〈 0.001) compared with diabetic animals infused with saline and insulin. Increasing the rate of C-peptide infusion tenfold did not elicit a statistically significant further increase in glucose utilization. C peptide I and II exerted similar effects. The metabolic clearance rate for glucose in the diabetic animals infused with C peptide was not different from that of the healthy rats. During high-dose insulin infusion (30.0 mU · kg–1· min–1) glucose utilization increased considerably and no statistically significant C-peptide effects were observed. About 85 % of the increase in glucose utilization induced by C peptide could be blocked by treatment with N-monomethyl-l-arginine. Conclusions/interpretation. Physiological concentrations of homologous C peptide stimulate whole body glucose utilization in diabetic but not in healthy rats. C peptide I and II elicit similar effects. The influence of C peptide on glucose utilization may be mediated by nitric oxide. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 958–964]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Test cell ; Demembranated larva ; Metamorphosis ; Lectin ; Ascidian
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The larvae of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis from which the chorion with the test cells and follicle cells were removed developed normally without the test cells until the early tailbud stage. A number of round-shaped cells morphologically similar to the test cells but with different lectin affinities and autofluorescence, then appeared on the neck region of the demembranated embryos. The new cells had three different types: round, particulate, and granular, and these cells increased in number after the late tailbud stage. The morphology of the adhesive papillae, tunic layers and epidermis of the demembranated larvae was similar to that of control larvae; however, the affinity to lectins was different in the swimming period. Control larvae attached to the substratum after the swimming period, resorbed the tail completely and underwent rotation of the visceral organs. Conversely, rotation occurred before completion of tail resorption in the demembranated larvae. Furthermore, the metamorphic events progressed more slowly in the demembranated larvae. These results suggest that the test cells play important roles in normal development and morphogenesis of ascidian larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Marchiafava-Bignami disease ; Corpus callosum ; Striatal degeneration ; Wernicke's encephalopathy ; Alcoholism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A Japanese man with a variety of neurological complications, had drunk Japanese rice wine (sake) daily for about 25 years. There was a progressive development of parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and mental deterioration by the time he was 32. He died of pneumonia at age 50 and the autopsy revealed Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD), striatal degeneration, pseudolaminar sclerosis of Morel, atrophy of the corpus mamillare and pons, cortical cerebellar atrophy, pseudopellagra, and polyneuropathy. This is the first case of MBD in a Japanese related to the ingestion of Japanese “sake”, and it is also a rare case in that almost all of the neurological complications seen with chronic alcoholism were apparent. Striatal degeneration seems to be a rare complication of chronic alcoholism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 51 (1980), S. 127-134 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental spongiform encephalopathy ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Kuru ; Transmission to small rodents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experimental transmission of subacute spongiform encephalopathy from three human cases to small rodents is reported. The first case with atypical CJD with spongiform change, kuru plaques, and leukomalacia was transmitted directly to mice, rats, and guinea pigs and indirectly to hamsters and Mongolian gerbils through rats. From two other typical SSE cases the disease was also successfully transmitted; from the second case to mice and rats, and from the third case to guinea pigs. Brain showed the highest infectivity; the spleen, liver, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid of diseased animals were also infective. Intracerebral inoculation was the route for the fastest transmission, followed by intrathecal, intraperitoneal, submucosal, and subcutaneous routes. The incubation periods and clinical features were characteristic in each inoculated species and did not vary within several passages, except for the shortening of incubation period from the first to the second passage. Histologically, a marked spongy state and proliferation of astrocytes were observed in all diseased animals, though the distribution of the lesion was peculiar to each species. The severe lesion in the white matter in mice was similar to that seen in mice inoculated with scrapie and also to that seen in the first case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 85-88 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker's disease ; Spongiform encephalopathy ; Slow virus ; Experimental transmission ; Small rodents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spongiform encephalopathy was transmitted to mice from a patient belonging to the “Sch” family with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker's disease (GSS). Incubation periods in the first passage were much shorter than those in mice infected with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Clinical and pathologic findings of mice infected with both disease were almost identical. This is the first successful transmission from a typical GSS case without severe spongiform change which suggests the possible transmissible nature of this disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 51 (1980), S. 135-140 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental spongiform encephalopathy ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Spongy state ; Ultrastructural study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopic findings of spongy state in four species of small rodents, viz., mice, rats, Mongolian gerbils, and guinea pigs, are described. The spongy state existed in both gray and white matter; its intensity varied in each species, and in the gray matter corresponded to vacuoles within the neuropil. They were of two types; one was the true vacuoles within neurites, and the other was markedly swollen cell processes, some of which were also identified as neurites. In the white matter, the spongy state corresponded mainly to distesion of the myelin sheaths, due to splitting of the major dense line or swelling of the inner loop, and partly to intra-axonal vacuoles. In mice before appearance of clinical symptoms, the vacuolation occurred first in the cerebral white matter 5 weeks after inoculation and in the cerebral cortex at 7 weeks. The occurrence and development of the vacuoles are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Subacute spongiform encephalopathy ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Experimental transmission ; Small rodents ; Transmissible agent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Further experimental transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) from three patients to mice and rats was carried out successfully. The clinical signs and pathologic features of spongiform encephalopathy transmitted to animals were much the same as in previous experiments, except that distribution of the lesions in the mice differed with each inoculated material taken from the patients. These observations suggest the multiplicity of CJD agents, as in the case of scrapie agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 357-368 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hepatic encephalopathy ; Glutamine synthetase ; Methionine sulfoximine ; Oligodendrocyte ; Astrocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the roles imposed on astrocytes for glutamate metabolism, a specific inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS), methionine sulfoximine (MSO), was repeatedly administered to rats and histopathological changes were correlated with glycogen accumulation and the immunocytochemistry of GS and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Prolonged MSO-loading (every 12 h up to three times, 100–150 mg/kg body weight) brought about the appearance of astrocytes with swollen, watery nuclei reminiscent of Alzheimer II glia chiefly in the neocortex, hippocampus and lateral thalamus after 24 h. Concomitantly, profound accumulation of glycogen ensued in the superficial three layers of the neocortex, hippocampus and pyriform cortex. GS immunoreactivity appeared enhanced in the cortex, hippocampus and lateral thalamus with parallel increase in GFAP immunoreactivity after prolonged treatment. Oligodendrocytes in the diencephalon and brain stem also normally contained GS immunoreactivity. Some animals developed necrotic lesions in the dorsolateral neocortex. The area of glycogen accumulation coincided with the known distribution ofN-methyld-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors and, thus, GS may play important roles in NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate metabolism. The Alzheimer II type changes, however, did not correlate with NMDA-receptor distribution. These results indicate certain regionalizations in the roles of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in glutamate and ammonia metabolisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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