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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mesures de Randon-222 dans le sol de l'Etna (Sicile): 1980–1983 (1984)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 47 (1984), S. 1071-1077 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Depuis septembre 1980, des mesures de la concentration de Radon dans le sol ont été entreprises sur l'Etna en vue d'étudier le comportement de ce gaz radioactif naturel vis-à-vis de l'activité du volcan et de son utilisation en tant qu'un des paramètres possibles de la prévision des éruptions volcaniques. La technique de mesure employée est celle des détecteurs solides de traces nucléaires plastiques (LR-115 type II, Kodak Pathé). Le réseau implanté, principalement en collaboration avec les mesures de température du sol (Archambault et al.) et de polarisation spontanée (M. Aubert) comprend une vingtaine de stations sitées sur le versant Sud et Sud-Est du volcan. Les densités de traces de particules alpha observées varient de 50 à 2000 traces/cm2/semaine selon la localisation des stations, malgré un bruit de fond à peu près constant. Sur l'ensemble des résultats aucune règle de variation saisonnière de l'émanation n'apparaît; certaines zones présentent les plus fortes densitésen hiver (Torré del Filosofo, Vulcarollo), d'autres au printemps (Etna Sud, Citelli). Le problème majeur de cette technique est la nécessité, pour obtenir une analyse fine de la variation de l'émanation du radon-222, de changer tous les 15 jours ou tous les mois les échantillons. Nous espérons remédier à ce problème par l'emploi de sondes de mesures automatiques, dont la mise au point est en cours, et pouvant être reliées au système Argos déjà existant.
    Notes: Abstract Since September 1980, measurements of radon concentration in the ground have been carried out on Etna using Radon as a forerunner geophysical parameter of volcanic eruptions. The technique used is the Solid State Nuclear Tracks detectors' method (LR 115 Type II, Kodak). The stations network, in connection with soil temperature (Archambault et al., 1980) and spontaneous polarisation measurements (M. Aubert, pers. commun.) is composed of 20 stations located on the southern and south-eastern flanks of the volcano. The observed alpha track densities vary between 50 and 2000 tracks/cm2/week according to the location for a background almost constant. Seasonal variations seem to affect measurements, but their influence seems to be governed by no rule. The main problem in the used technique is the necessity of changing the detectors every two weeks or every month in order to obtain a good analysis of the variations in Rn-222 concentration. In order to remedy such deficiency, an automatic electronic device which can be connected with the yet existing Argos system is being arranged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952363
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neotropical ant gardens II. Bioassays of seed compounds (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2993-3013 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ant ; ant-garden ; benzothiazole ; Camponotus ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; chemical mimicry ; epiphyte ; 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene-methanol ; 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone ; 2-hydroxy-6-methyl-benzoic acid ; methyl ester ; 1-(2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)ethanone ; 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone ; limonene ; 6-methyl-methylsalicylate ; 6-MMS ; seed dispersal ; symbiosis ; tropical forests ; vanillin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A number of volatile compounds occur on the seeds of taxonomically unrelated ant-garden epiphytes in western Amazonia. In field trials in southeastern Peru, we assayed the responses of ant-garden ants (Camponotus femoratus) to these and structurally similar compounds applied to artificial “seeds” made from zeolite molecular sieves. Benzothiazole,2, present on seeds of eight ant-garden epiphytes, repelled ants over the range of concentrations tested, as did 1-(2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)ethanone,3, occurring on seeds of six ant-garden epiphytes. 2-Hydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid, methyl ester (methyl-6-methylsalicylate, 6-MMS),1, found on seeds of at least nine ant-garden epiphytes, was mildly repellent at high concentration, but stimulated excitement, seed handling, and (rarely) seed carrying at lower concentrations. Vanillin,5, a seed compound of four ant-garden epiphytes, and limonene,6, a monoterpene from seeds of three ant-garden epiphytes, both stimulated excitement, alarm, seed handling, and (rarely) seed carrying. Identified from seeds of seven ant-garden epiphytes, 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone,4, elicited little or no response. Among 70 compounds tested (mainly aromatic compounds), those found on seeds of ant-garden epiphytes or having structural features in common with such compounds were the most attractive to the ants. Although not present on epiphyte seeds, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenemethanol,10, consistently stimulated seed transport to the nest in one year, but did so only rarely in subsequent years. Some of the volatile compounds on seeds of ant-garden epiphytes probably play a role in ant attraction to epiphyte seeds, but evidence remains ambiguous. Finally,Ca. femoratus responded to one test compound [1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone,60] (absent from epiphyte seeds) by descending from the vegetation to the ground.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00979490
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neotropical ant gardens (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1791-1816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ant ; ant garden ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; Camponotus ; chemical mimicry ; citronellol ; convergent evolution ; epiphyte ; mellein ; methyl 6-methylsalicylate ; Perú ; seed dispersal ; symbiosis ; tropical forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In ant gardens of lowland Amazonia, parabiotic ant speciesCamponotus femoratus andCrematogaster cf.limata parabiotica cultivate a taxonomically diverse group of epiphytic plants, whose establishment is restricted to arboreal carton ant nests. Epiphyte seeds are collected by workers ofCa. femoratus, the larger of the two ants, and stored unharmed in brood chambers where they subsequently germinate. Although seeds of some ant-garden epiphytes bear nutritional rewards, previous studies have shown that these rewards are not sufficient to explain the pattern of ant attraction to seeds. Five aromatic compounds occur frequently in and on the seeds of most ant-garden epiphytes and may be chemical cues by which ants recognize propagules of their symbiotic plants. The most widely distributed of these is methyl 6-methylsalicylate [6-MMS]1, previously reported as a major mandibular gland product in relatedCamponotus species and present in trace quantities inCa. femoratus males. (−)-Citronellol6 (previously unreported inCamponotus) was the principal volatile constituent in extracts of male heads, and (−)-mellein7 was present in small quantities. Discovery of 6-MMS inside the mandibular glands of maleCa. femoratus (and its presence in analogous glands of related ants) offers preliminary support for Ule's (1906) hypothesis that seeds attract ants by mimicking ant brood. In addition, the likely fungistatic activity of seed compounds suggests that they could retard microbial pathogens of ants and plants in the organic detritus of nest gardens. While the presence of identical seed compounds in so many unrelated plant lineages might represent a remarkable case of convergent evolution, other interpretations are possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020495
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radon in soil anomaly observed at Los Azufres geothermal field, Michoacan: a possible precursor of the 1985 Mexico earthquake (Ms = 8.1) (1989)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 1 (1989), S. 319-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Earthquake precursors ; radon anomaly ; α track detectors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A radon anomaly in a nuclear track detector placed on a fault was detected prior to the destructive (Ms = 8.1) Mexican earthquake of 19 September 1985. The fault is a structural feature of the geothermal field ‘Los Azufres’, 260 km NE of the epicentral area. Since no other phenomenon can be found as a possible cause for the radon anomaly, it is proposed that preseismic regional stress perturbations may produce changes in the fluid transport patterns at the fault, suggesting that radon measurements in similar conditions could provide a good precursor in high seismic risk areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00134830
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations of radon in soils induced by external factors (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 119 (1987), S. 199-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were designed to evaluate, in a controlled way, some of the variations that can be expected in radon concentration in soil due mainly to meteorological factors and to close spacing monitoring in the field. Electronic continuous radon monitoring and the track-etch method were used to record the radon α-decay. The radon emanation in daily measurements and in long term surveys showed a general effect modulated by temperature and pressure variations. Radon monitoring in soil for nearby stations showed that a 10% range of variation can be expected with the track-etch method and as a result of non-homogeneous emanation pattern of the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02162265
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