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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 221-224 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Gall bladder ; Agenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Congenital absence of the gall bladder is an extremely rare embryological aberration with a reported incidence ranging between 0.013 and 0.075%. This report, the first from South Africa, discusses 2 cases of gall bladder agenesis, bringing to 413 the number of cases reported in the literature. In confirming the diagnosis of an agenesis of the gall bladder, it is necessary to exclude the abnormal locations which are intrahepatic, retrohepatic, on the left side, or within the lesser omentum or falciform ligament and retroperitoneal. Patients with gall bladder agenesis are classified into 3 categories: i) Multiple foetal anomaly (12.9%), ii) Asymptomatic (31.6%) and iii) Symptomatic (55.6%). Notwithstanding current diagnostic modalities, this rare condition may still present a dilemma to the abdominal surgeon. Agenesis of the gall bladder is a well-recognised but uncommon congenital abnormality. With the advent of minimal access surgery laparotomy may be avoided as the condition, when suspected, may be confirmed by ERCP and CT scan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 77-81 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Left renal vein ; Variations ; Renal collar ; Retroaortic ; Posterior primary tributary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Du développement embryologique très complexe de la veine rénale gauche, comparé à son homologue droit, il résulte d'importantes variations, significatives du point de vue clinique. Le but de cette étude est d'identifier ces variations et de préciser leur fréquence. 1-Recherches cadavériques : (153 paires de reins ont été prélevées en bloc, disséquées) 100 moulages par résines et 53 plastinations. En outre, des phlébographies rénales post-mortem ont été réalisées, 58 chez des adultes, 20 chez des fœtus. 2-Etudes cliniques (analyse rétrospective) : a) radiologiques : 104 veinogrammes rénaux, b) lors de transplantations rénales : 148 reins gauches de donneurs, c) au cours de la chirurgie de l'anévrysme de l'aorte thoracique : 525 patients. Soit, au total, 1008 reins. Le collier rénal a été observé dans 0,3 % de la série ; la v. rétro-aortique, 0,5 %, des vv. rénales supplémentaires : 0,4 % ; enfin, un collecteur rénal postérieur existait dans 23,2 % des séries cadavériques (16,7 % du type IB de notre classification et 6,5 % du type II B). Nos résultats diffèrent de façon significative par leur faible fréquence de celle relatée dans la littérature : collier rénal (0,2–30 %), veine rétro-aortique (0,8–7,1 %), veine rénale supplémentaire (0.8–6%). Les variations sont silencieuses cliniquement et demeurent méconnues jusqu'à leur découverte par phlébographie, opération ou autopsie. Pour le chirurgien transplanteur, la morphologie a une signification particulière puisque les variations déterminent la faisabilité technique ou non de l'opération. La connaissance préalable de la veine circum-aortique est importante lors du prélèvement d'échantillons sanguins des veines surrénaliennes ou rénales. Le collier rénal peut favoriser la formation d'un réseau collatéral dense immédiatement après l'opération, si l'interruption de la veine rénale est pratiquée sans connaissance de ce dispositif. Les variations restreignent l'utilisation de la veine dans les techniques de mobilisation. Lors de la cure d'un anévrysme aortique, l'existence d'une veine rétro-aortique est importante à connaitre. Lors d'une intervention rétro-péritonéale, le chirurgien repère la veine pré-aortique, mais il méconnait une branche rétro-aortique supplémentaire, ou un tronc primaire postérieur qu'il peut léser en mobilisant le rein ou en clampant l'aorte.
    Notes: Summary The highly complex embryological development of the left renal vein compared to its right counterpart results in greater variations which are clinically significant. The study aimed to identify these variations and to document its incidence. Cadaveric study: 153 kidney pairs were harvested en bloc, dissected, 100 resin casts prepared and 53 plastinated; renal venography performed on further 58 adults and 20 foetal cadavers. Clinical study: (retrospective analysis): a) radiological study, 104 renal venograms; b) live related renal transplantation, 148 donor left kidneys; c) abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery, 525 patients. Total sample size: 1008. Renal collars observed in 0.3%; retro-aortic vein 0.5%; additional veins 0.4%; posterior primary tributary 23.2%, (16.7% Type IB; 6.5% Type IIB, cadaveric series, only). Our results differ significantly in incidence to that reported in the literature: renal collar 0.2–30%; retro-aortic vein 0.8–7.1%; additional renal vein 0.8–6%. Variations are clinically silent and remain unnoticed until discovered during venography, operation or autopsy. To a transplant surgeon, morphology acquires special significance, since variations influence technical feasibility of operation. Prior knowledge of circum-aortic vein is important when blood samples from suprarenal or renal veins are collected. Collar may provide developed collateral pathway immediately after surgery if renal interruption planned without awareness of its presence. Variations restrict availability of vein for mobilisation procedures. In aortic aneurysm repair, retro-aortic vein is important. During retroperitoneal surgery, the surgeon may visualise a pre-aortic vein but be unaware of an additional retroaortic component or a posterior primary tributary, and may avulse it while mobilising the kidney or clamping the aorta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 99-100 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An inversion within the subterminal inversion in 2L ofDrosophila ananassae has been detected in a laboratory strain originating from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The break points of inversion have been located in the reference map of salivary chromosomes. The data on the frequencies of different karyotypes indicate that inversion heterozygotes exhibit heterosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 719-720 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cuticle from adultGaigeria pachyscelis was isolated by solubilizing the internal tissues with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) at 37°C. Cuticular protein was extracted with guanidine-HCl and β-mercaptoethanol and purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified protein revealed 2 polypeptides with apparent mol. wts of 58,000 and 74,000. As judged from their hydroxyproline content both of them are collagenous in nature. Results of gel filtration indicate that cuticular collagen exists in two forms, a non-associated form at low concentration and an associated form at high concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 553-553 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Infektion der Blätter vonCapsicum annuum undMangifera indica mit den BlattpilzenCurvularia ovoidea beziehungsweiselunata hat zur Folge, dass die freien Zucker Saccharose, Glukose und Fruktose verschwinden und dass der Gehalt an organischen Säuren (Apfelsäure, Zitronensäure, Oxalsäure) vermindert wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 237-238 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The females ofDrosophila bipectinata andD. malerkotliana are able to discriminate between their own and alien males in the absence of antennae. Thus mate recognition seems to depend on contact chemoreceptors in these 2 species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 318-318 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships betweenD. takahashii andD. pseudotakahashii, 2 closely related allopatric species, sexual isolation was studied by the male-choice method. The present data indicate that there is a one-sided mating preference between these species. On a basis of the results, their evolutionary sequence is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 84 (1973), S. 205-226 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The heart rate ofAnabas is about 40 beats/min when breathing water and air. Tachycardia occurs as the fish takes an air breath and the rate declines as the breath holding continues but water breathing stops. Bradycardia is observed during this later phase. By the time the next air breath is taken, the heart rate has dropped to 15–30 beats/min. The heart rate of a fish breathing normoxic water but prevented from surfacing is about 42/min. Bradycardia occurs in hypoxic water under similar conditions. Tachycardia is observed in active fish when breathing hypercarbic water and air. On exposure to air bradycardia is found in resting fish but tachycardia occurs during activity. In air,Anabas usually repeats a breath when the heart rate drops to 15–25 beats/min. Tachycardia occurs immediately following an air breath. Heart rate then returns over a period of 3–6 mins to the normal resting level of 30 beats/min. The gas composition of the suprabranchial chambers has been measured and its relationship with the occurrence of an air breath, tachycardia and bradycardia is described. The experimental results are discussed in relation to the anatomy of the blood supply to the respiratory organs. The possible role of respiratory gases and pH in the control of breathing and perfusion is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 7 (1978), S. 201-211 
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A quantitative cellular radioimmunoassay (CRIA) for histocompatibility typing is described. Chicken red blood cells (RBC) were incubated in microtiter plates with specific anti-MHC (B) alloantisera and the alloantibody bound measured indirectly by a second binding step with125I-labeled rabbit anti-chicken IgG. The assay is objective, highly consistent, and three to four orders of magnitude more sensitive than conventional hemagglutination assays. The new CRIA was used to detect minor subpopulations of cells in artificial cell mixtures; as few as 1% of relevant cells were easily detected. Erythrocyte chimerism was induced following the injection of B2/B2 chicken embryos with B15/B21 embryonic stem cells. Five weeks after hatching, erythrocyte chimerism was precisely quantitated by comparing the reaction of RBC from the putative chimeras with artificial cell mixtures using specific anti-B15/B21 alloantisera. The percent varied from 13–40% in 13 chimeric animals. The new CRIA was also used for the sensitive detection of tumor-specific antigens on a T-cell lymphoma. An unexpected finding was that anti-B15 alloantibody bound almost as well to B15/B21 heterozygous RBC as to B15/B15 homozygous cells, suggesting that either the concentration or the steric arrangement of B15 alloantigen at the erythrocyte surface may not conform to conventional expectations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 9 (1979), S. 33-43 
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Identity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of primed T cells and macrophages was essential for the development of a T cell proliferative response to Purified Protein Derivative of tuberculin (PPD) in the presence of macrophage-associated antigen and potential allogeneic effects were eliminated by the use of one-way fetal liver chimeras as a T cell source. By contrast, such MHC restriction could not be shown for the T cell—macrophage interaction when antigen was present in soluble form. It was found that the proliferative response of primed (responder × nonresponder) F1 T cells to the Ir-gene controlled antigen, TNP-18 [Glu-Tyr-Lys (TNP) (Glu-Tyr-Ala)5], could only be restored by responder macrophages with bound antigen, while both responder and nonresponder macrophages reconstituted the response to soluble TNP-18. Supernatants from cultured responder or nonresponder macrophages could at least partially replace viable macrophages in the latter case. These results argue for two distinct antigen presentation mechanisms, depending on the physical state of the antigen rather than its chemical nature: one involves recognition of antigen in association with MHC-coded determinants and shows H-2 restriction, while the other, mediated by soluble factors and antigen, does not.
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