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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 121 (1985), S. 77-79 
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Dielectricrelaxation ; polyvinylpyrrolidone ; solution ; solvation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The dielectric relaxation behavior of the title solutions of PVP 40000 is measured in the frequency domain (50 MHz to 36 GHz) at 20 °C. The polymer content of the solutions (up to 0.25 mole fraction of monomer units) is such that it does not yet contribute significantly to dielectric loss. The solvent relaxation shows in all cases a bulk and a slowed down contribution, both characterized by concentration-independent relaxation times. The slow contribution is ascribed to the solvate. Solvation numbers for dilute solutions roughly range between 2 and 4 per PVP repeat unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Butylglycol ; dielectricrelaxation ; poly-ethyleneglycol ; solution ; solvation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy (30 MHz to 72 GHz) is utilized to study solvation in polyethylene glycol (PEG) — methyl pyrrolidone (MPy) mixtures over the whole mixture range at 20 °C, in particular with PEG 200. Further pure PEGs (200 to 400) and butyl glycol (in the pure state and in benzene and n-hexane solution) are considered for comparison to facilitate the assessment of PEG relaxational behavior. It turns out that the PEG-MPy mixtures can be described in terms of a simple solvation model which takes into account only the bulk and the solvating solvent state. The solvation number per repeat unit is about 0.85 in the dilute solution limit. It decreases gradually with increasing PEG concentration in accordance with a solvation equilibrium model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 188 (1973), S. 183-195 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aufgabe der hier dargelegten Untersuchungen war es, für das Auge die Grenzdosis eines Rubinlasers mit einer kurzen Impulszeit (50 ns) zu ermitteln. Es wurde eine Experimentalschaltung aufgebaut, die die Energiemessung jedes Einzelimpulses mit einer für die Aufgabenstellung genügenden Genauigkeit gestattete. Die endgültigen Untersuchungen wurden an Kaninchen in 2 Serien durchgeführt. Zunächst erfolgte eine rein ophthalmoskopische Feststellung der Grenzdosis und danach eine kombinierte klinisch-enzymhistochemische Untersuchungsserie. Anhand der rein klinischen Untersuchungen ergab sich ein Grenzwert von 0,9 bis 5·10−6 J, die klinisch-enzymhistochemische Serie ließ auf einen Grenzwert von 1 bis 2 · 10−6 J schließen. Eine modellmäßige wärmephysikalische Berechnung führte zu einem Wert von 0,3 bis 3·10−6 J. Da die Energiemessung mit einem Fehler behaftet ist, vor allem aber wegen der unterschiedlichen Absorptionseigenschaften der Retina, und da die Ergebnisse nicht am menschlichen Auge selbst gewonnen wurden, ist als Grenzdosis ein Wert von 10−7 J unbedingt festzustellen. Für einen weitergehenden Schutz vor Bestrahlungsschäden durch einen 50 ns Rubinlaserimpuls sollen Schutzmaßnahmen so ausgerichtet sein, daß nicht mehr als 10−8 J in das Auge gelangen.
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this investigation was to find out the retinal threshold energy for a Q-switched Ruby Laser with an impulse duration of 50 ns. The test rabbits used were under general anesthesia: the threshold energy was first determined ophthalmoscopically and in a second series, by a combination of ophthalmoscopic and enzyme-histochemical methods. The threshold energy was 0,9-5·10−6 J, according to the clinical method only, and 1–2·10−6 J, according to the combined methods. A theoretic and physical calculation yielded a value of 0.3–3·10−6 J. Since the energy measurement varies and the resorption qualities of the human and the rabbit retina are different the threshold energy amounts to 10−7 J. Occupational safety should prescribe a threshold energy less than 10−8 J for a Q-switched Ruby Laser with an impulse duration of 50 ns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 215 (1967), S. 62-62 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 3 (1964), S. 230-231 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 76 (1964), S. 186-186 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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