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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Respiratory Center ; Brain Stem ; Reticular Formation ; Respiratory Neuron ; Unitary Discharge ; Respiratorisches Zentrum ; Hirnstamm ; retikuläre Formation ; respiratorisches Neuron ; Einzelzellentladung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Lokalisation und das Aktivitätsmuster respiratorischer Einheiten in der Substantia reticularis bulbi et pontis an Pentobarbital-narkotisierten, spontan atmenden und an Gallamin-immobilisierten, künstlich beatmeten Katzen unter Lokalanaesthesie untersucht. 1. An beiden Präparationen waren in der Substantia reticularis bulbi die respiratorischen Einheiten diffus verteilt und untereinander gemischt. 2. In der Substantia reticularis pontis ließen sich zahlreiche respiratorische Einheiten an der immobilisierten und vagotomierten Katze, jedoch nicht am narkotisierten Tier ableiten. 3. Exspiratorische und zwei Typen von „phase-spanning“-Einheiten wurden wesentlich häufiger in der Medulla immobilisierter Katzen als bei narkotisierten Katzen gefunden. 4. Der Vergleich der Aktivitätsmuster von Einheiten immobilisierter und narkotisierter Katzen zeigte, daß das Entladungsmuster der respiratorischen Einheiten durch diese unterschiedlichen Versuchsbedingungen weitgehend beeinflußt werden kann. Die Verteilung respiratorischer Einheiten in der Substantia reticularis der Medulla und des Pons sowie die Zusammenhänge zwischen Funktion und spontanem Entladungsmuster respiratorischer Neurone werden besonders im Hinblick auf die Lokalisation des „Atemzentrums“ diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Localization and discharge pattern of respiratory neurons in the pontine and the medullary reticular formation were studied in both pentobarbital anesthetized cats and in cats immobilized with Flaxedil. 1. In both preparations inspiratory, expiratory and another broader group of neurons not so clearly related to respiratory phases were scattered and intermingled throughout the medullary reticular formation. 2. Respiratory neurons in the pontine reticular formation were detected in vagotomized and immobilized cats but not in cats under pentobarbital anesthesia. 3. Expiratory neurons and another broader group of respiratory neurons were found more frequently in immobilized cats than in anesthetized cats. 4. Comparisons of discharge patterns of respiratory neurons in both preparations indicated that the activity patterns of neurons were influenced by the experimental conditions. Localization of respiratory neurons in the medulla and the pons in relation to the localization of respiratory centers are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 254 (1997), S. 158-162 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss ; Interferon-α treatment ; Anti-viral activity ; 2′-5′ oligoadenylate synthetase ; Cytokine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have employed alpha-interferon (IFN-α), an anti-viral agent, in the treatment of severe idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL). Forty-two patients were studied and had an average hearing ability of ≥ 70 dB before treatment. We also examined 2′-5′ oligoadenylate synthetase (2,5A-S) activity, one of the parameters indicating anti-viral activity of IFN, to investigate the relationship between the suppression of viral proliferation and prognosis and explain the pathogenesis of ISSHL. Complete recovery was found in 27 patients (64.3%) after IFN therapy. Increased 2,5A-S activity was observed on the 3rd day of IFN therapy in 24 of the 27 patients who completely recovered. No severe adverse events were reported after IFN therapy. Findings suggest that IFN therapy may be effective and safe in the treatment of ISSHL and calls for further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Artificial life and robotics 3 (1999), S. 86-89 
    ISSN: 1614-7456
    Keywords: System design ; Emergence ; Evolutionary computation ; Passive filter ; Multi-link robot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract An emergent approach for the design of artifacts (artificial systems) is proposed. First, the system design process is reformulated in the framework of set and mapping theory, and the design problem is defined as an inverse mapping from the set of specifications depending on the environment to the set of components and their connections. The inverse problem can be solved by the iteration of forward mapping. Next, the problem is classified from the viewpoint of the specifications and the environment. The concepts of evolution, adaptation, learning, and coordination can be related to classified problems. Emergent design procedure is defined in the framework of these concepts, in particular by taking evolutionary computing techniques into account. Two examples are shown: the first is a design of complex linear passive filters, and the other is a design of multilink moving robots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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