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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 9 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Slides were prepared from blood of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and evaluated. The cellular blood elements observed were thrombocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, granular anucleate bodies, erythrocytes. In channel catfish, thrombocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils were the predominate leucocytes. Erythrocytes were observed in various stages of development. Smudge cells were observed in all smear preparations. The variations found between the observations in this study and information provided in the literature suggest the need for establishing a standardized terminology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A study of prompt neutrino events from 400 GeV protons on a beam-dump is presented. The ratio of electron- to muon-neutrino rates is 0.86±0.14, in agreement withe−μ universality. The anti-neutrino to neutrino flux ratio is $$\bar v_\mu /v_\mu = 0.81 \pm 0.19$$ . The absolute rates and distributions observed are shown to be in quantitative agreement with the known properties of charmedquark production in hadron collisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 19 (1980), S. 548-573 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden numerische Methoden verwendet, um die durch rotierende Kugeln oder Scheiben erzeugten Sekundärströmungen bei nicht-newtonschen Flüssigkeiten für „endliche“ Reynolds- und Weissenberg-Zahlen zu beschreiben. Frühere analytische Untersuchungen waren stets auf „kleine“ Werte dieser Parameter beschränkt geblieben. Das numerische Verfahren der vorliegenden Arbeit erlaubt die Lösung der vollständigen nicht-linearen Bewegungsgleichungen für endliche Werte dieser allgemeinen Parameter bei einer Flüssigkeit mit beliebiger Scherviskositätsabhängigkeit und ist somit nicht auf die Approximation der Stoffgleichungen für langsame Strömungen angewiesen, wie sie in den früheren Untersuchungen zugrundegelegt waren. Das Verhältnis des sekundären elastischen Drehmoments zum primären ergibt sich im Bereich der untersuchten Flüssigkeiten als eine quadratische Funktion von Reynolds- und Weissenberg-Zahl, was mit der Voraussage der früheren Theorien für kleine Werte dieser Parameter übereinstimmt. Es werden die Fehler betrachtet, die infolge von Trägheits- und elastischen Effekten bei der Verwendung von Kugeln bzw. Scheiben in Eintauchvisk osimetern auftreten können, wobei ja für die Auswertung in der Regel die Bedingungen der schleichenden Strömung vorausgesetzt werden. Es werden repräsentative Stromlinien gezeichnet. Dabei ergibt sich für unelastische Flüssigkeiten, daß solche gegenüber einer Änderung der Reynolds-Zahl relativ unempfindlich sind. Für viskoelastische Flüssigkeiten besteht die hauptsächliche Wirkung wachsender Elastizität auf die Stromlinien darin, den Bereich von Reynolds-Zahlen, bei dem eine elastische Umkehrströmung möglich ist, zu vergrößern. Auch der Einfluß der Scherentzähung geht in diese Richtung. Sowohl zwischen der Drehmomentabhängigkeit als auch der Stromlinienform der Sekundärströmung, die zum einen durch rotierende Kugeln, zum anderen durch rotierende dünne Scheiben erzeugt werden, besteht ein enger Zusammenhang.
    Notes: Summary Numerical methods have been employed to simulate the secondary flows of non-Newtonian materials caused by the rotation of spheres and thin discs for “finite” Reynolds and Weissenberg numbers. Previous analytic work has been confined to “small” values of these parameters. The numerical scheme of the present paper is used to solve thefull non-linear equations of motion for finite values of these global parameters for a fluid ofarbitrary viscosity characterisation, and so isnot restricted to the hierarchy constitutive equations used in previous analyses. The ratio of the secondary elastic torque to the primary torque is found to be a quadratic function of Reynolds and Weissenberg numbers for the range of materials studied and is in agreement with earlier theory for “small” values of these parameters. Consideration is given to possible errors incurred, due to inertial and elastic effects, in using spheres and discs as immersible viscometers where primary creeping flow assumptions are normally assumed in theory. Representative streamlines are drawn, and for the inelastic fluids examined are found to be relatively insensitive to changes in Reynolds number. For the elastico-viscous liquids considered, the main effect of increased fluid elasticity on the streamlines is to extend the range of Reynolds numbers for which reversed elastic flow is possible. The shearthinning nature of the fluid may also have this effect. A strong connection is found in both torque and streamline results between the secondary flows induced by rotating spheres and thin discs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Neutrino and antineutrino total charged current cross sections on iron were measured in the 100, 160, and 200 GeV narrow band beams at the CERN SPS in the energy range 10 to 200 GeV. Assuming σ/E to be constant, the values corrected for non-isoscalarity are σv/E = (0.686 ± 0.019) * 10−38 cm2/ (GeV · nucleon) and σv/E = (0.339 ± 0.010) * 10−38 cm2/ (GeV·nucleon). Between 50 and 150 GeV no energy dependence of σ/E was observed within ±3% for neutrino and ±4% for antineutrino interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A high-statistics measurement of the differential cross-sections for neutrino-iron scattering in the wide-band neutrino beam at the CERN SPS is presented. Nucleon structure functions are extracted and theirQ 2 evolution is compared with the predictions of quantum chromodynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 19 (1980), S. 488-496 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden Methoden zur Berechnung der Viskosität nicht-newtonscher Flüssigkeiten aus Messungen mit dem Brookfield-(Synchro-Lectric-)Viskosimeter für rotierende Scheiben, Kugeln und Zylinder diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse der Anwendung von Näherungsmethoden, wie sie für Rechnungen von Hand geeignet sind, und von Computer-Programmen auf verschiedene Testflüssigkeiten werden mit den Ergebnissen von Viskositätsmessungen mittels anderer kommerzieller Rheometer verglichen. Es wird gezeigt, daß sowohl die Ergebnisse der Näherungsmethoden als auch der Computerprogramme sich in guter Übereinstimmung mit dem bekannten viskosimetrischen Verhalten der Flüssigkeiten befinden und die Näherungsmethoden ein einfaches Mittel zur Gewinnung zuverlässiger Viskositätsdaten darstellen. Die Computermethoden ergeben für Kugeln und Scheiben zwar eine bessere Übereinstimmung mit dem bekannten Viskositätsverhalten, doch sind sie im Vergleich zu den Näherungsmethoden im Nachteil im Hinblick auf den höheren Aufwand, der zu ihrer Durchführung nötig ist.
    Notes: Summary Techniques for obtaining the apparent viscosity of non-Newtonian materials from the Brookfield Synchro-Lectric Viscometer are discussed for rotating discs, spheres, and cylinders. Results from approximate methods, suitable for hand calculation, and from computer programs applied to data obtained from various test fluids are compared with viscometric results from other commercial rheometers. It is shown that both the results from the approximate methods used, and from the computer programs are in good agreement with the known fluid behaviour, and that the approximate methods provide a simple means of obtaining reliable viscometric data. The computational methods used for spheres and discs give better agreement with the known viscometric liquid behaviour but may suffer somewhat on comparison with the approximate methods, due to the extra sophistication in their implementation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 18 (1979), S. 345-359 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Rechen-Programm erstellt, welches für fünf scheibenähnliche Meßkörper eines Brookfield R.V.T-Viskosimeters Drehmoment-Geschwindigkeits-Daten in Schubspannungs-Schergeschwindigkeits-Kurven umzuwandeln gestattet. Experimentelle Ergebnisse, die sowohl mit einem Brookfield-Viskosimeter als auch mit kommerziell gefertigten Rheometern an den gleichen Proben gemessen wurden, zeigen die Brauchbarkeit des Programms.
    Notes: Summary A computer program has been written which converts torque-speed data obtained from the five “disk-like” spindles of the Brookfield R.V.T. viscometer into shear stress — shear rate data. Experimental results obtained on the same samples from the Brookfield viscometer and commercial rheogoniometers are used to demonstrate the utility of the program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 29 (1999), S. 339-348 
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Sleep ; influenza ; virus ; recombinant inbred ; C57BL/6 ; BALB/cBy ; QTL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Influenza-infected C57BL/6J mice spend increased amounts of time in slow-wave sleep (SWS) during the dark phase of the circadian cycle compared to healthy mice. In contrast, infected BALB/cByJ mice show a normal or reduced time in SWS, particularly during the light phase. To identify genetic loci with linkage to these traits, we measured sleep in 13 CXB recombinant inbred (RI) strains derived from a cross between C57BL/6ByJ and BALB/cByJ mice. The probability density distribution of sleep patterns of influenza-infected CXB RI mice showed modes that correspond roughly with the parental modes during the dark phase of the circadian cycle and are intermediate or C57BL/6-like during the light phase. These patterns are consistent with the presence of a low number of major effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Chromosomal regions with provisional association to strain variation in influenza-induced SWS patterns were identified. In particular, a 10- to 12-cM interval on Chr 6 between D6Mit74 and D6Mit188 contains a QTL (LRS = 16.6 at 1 cM proximal to D6Mit316; genomewide p〈.05) that influences the SWS response to influenza infection during the light phase. We have provisionally named this QTL Srilp1 (sleep response to influenza, light phase 1). Candidate genes for mediation of this phenotype include Ghrhr (growth hormone releasing hormone receptor), Crhr2 (corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2), and Cd8a (an epitope on cytotoxic T lymphocytes). Several other intervals achieved suggestive probability scores that are sufficient to warrant further analysis either with additional RI strains or with F2 panels. The analysis also suggests that dark phase and light phase responses are regulated by different genetic factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 29 (1999), S. 319-328 
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Recombinant inbred mice ; circadian ; locomotor activity ; QTL ; C57BL/6J ; BALB/cByJ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Recent studies have identified genes that influence the length of the circadian period maintained by mice housed under constant lighting conditions. However, a less studied circadian activity variable is the amplitude of daily oscillations in locomotor activity. This parameter reflects spontaneous activity exhibited under standard lighting and housing conditions and, therefore, differs conceptually from assessments of exploratory or open-field activity, voluntary wheel-running, or circadian period during exposure to constant light or constant darkness conditions. We recently observed a greater daily amplitude of oscillation in spontaneous locomotor activity in C57BL/6 mice compared to BALB/cBy mice. To identify genetic loci with potential linkage to circadian variation in the amount of locomotor activity, we measured the spontaneous activity of 13 CXB recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice. The probability density distributions of locomotor activity phenotypes for the 13 CXB RI strains were consistent with the presence of a low number of major quantitative trait loci affecting this trait. Regions of chromosomes 3, 8, 12, 13, and 19 showed provisional linkage to strain variation in locomotor activity. Probabilities of linkage were not sufficient for declaration of an activity-related quantitative trait locus but were sufficient to warrant further analysis either with additional RI strains or with F2 panels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 29 (1999), S. 329-337 
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Sleep ; REM sleep ; mice ; recombinant inbred ; QTL ; BALB/cBy ; C57BL/6
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Various inbred strains of mice show different daily amounts of slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid-eye movement sleep (REMS), suggesting the possibility of genetic influences on sleep propensity. Previous work by others studying the spontaneous sleep patterns of seven strains of CXB recombinant inbred (RI) mice suggested several candidate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with variation in REMS. Extending this approach, we evaluated the sleep patterns of 13 CXB RI strains and conducted linkage analyses based on 223 discrete informative loci. The probability density distribution of light phase REMS for the CXB RI strains showed deflections that correspond approximately to the parental phenotypes. This type of pattern is consistent with the presence of a low number of major effect quantitative trait loci. Regions of chromosomes 4, 16, and 17 showed provisional linkage to strain variation in REMS. The distribution of loci further suggested that dark phase and light phase REMS may be regulated by different genetic factors. Probabilities of linkage were not sufficient for declaration of a quantitative trait locus for REMS but were sufficient to warrant further analysis either with additional RI strains or with F2 panels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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