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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LONG-DISTANCE TRANSOCEANIC SHIPMENTS OF FRESH BEEF (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fresh beef cuts and quarters were shipped from Ellensburg, Wash. to Yokohama, Japan in refrigerated vans with either normal (ambient air) or modified (60% CO2, 25% O2, 15% N2) atmospheres. Packaging treatments involved use of polyvinyl chloride film, calcium alginate coating, cotton stockinettes, polyethylene-lined boxes and vacuum packages for rounds, chucks, ribs, loins and/or quarters. Use of a 0.02% solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) did not affect the terminal condition of beef cuts or quarters. Use of modified atmosphere was associated with significant improvements in overall appearance and desirability of beef cuts and quarters. The best method for protecting fresh beef cuts during long-distance shipments was vacuum packaging; vacuum packaged cuts were adequately protected from deterioration and weight loss during the 20–21 day shipment. The best system for protecting fresh beef quarters during long-distance, transoceanic shipments consisted of wrapping with PVC film and transport in a modified atmosphere van; however, quarters treated in this manner were not adequately protected from deterioration and received relatively low appearance ratings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1977.tb01489.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EVALUATION OF A CALCIUM ALGINATE COATING AND A PROTECTIVE PLASTIC WRAPPING FOR THE CONTROL OF LAMB CARCASS SHRINKAGE (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 41 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ninety lamb carcasses were evaluated for shrink loss, microbial growth and temperature reduction following treatment with: (1) an edible calcium alginate coating, Flavor-Tex®; (2) plastic wrap; or, (3) no treatment (control). Lambs (n = 30) were slaughtered on three consecutive days with 10 carcasses/day being randomly assigned to each treatment. Carcasses receiving the edible coating were significantly (P 〈 0.05) lower in 24-hr shrinkage loss (1.55%) than the controls (2.77%); however, those in plastic wrap had the least amount of shrinkage (1.20%), and maintained this advantage through 7 days postmortem. Total surface microbial counts from the sirloin area indicated a significant (P 〈 0.05) reduction at day 5 and 7 for the alginate coated carcasses, with the plastic wrap carcasses having the highest counts on all days. Internal leg temperature reduction (chilling) was essentially uniform at the end of a 24-hr chill at 2°C regardless of treatment. No significant differences were observed between treatments for cooking loss, flavor, juiciness, off-odor or overall acceptability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1976.tb00689.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LOSS OF CALCIUM ACCUMULATING ABILITY IN THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM FOLLOWING DEGRADATION BY CATHEPSINS (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 39 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1974.tb00980.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tenderness and Retail Display Characteristics of Beef Tenderloin Steaks Comparing Kidney Fat Removal Times Under Different Processing and Storage Systems (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 51 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of electrical stimulation, kidney fat removal time, tenderloin removal time, and storage and packaging treatment on tenderness and retail display characteristics of beef tenderloin steaks were studied. Electrical stimulation increased overall desirability scores on days 2 through 4 of retail display. Steaks from sides that had kidney and pelvic fat removed prior to chilling had higher Warner-Bratzler shear force values, darker muscle color and higher retail evaluations for overall desirability on days 2 through 4 of display than did steaks from conventionally dressed sides. Tenderloin steaks that were vacuum packaged and stored 14 days had higher bacterial counts, more uniform lean color and less visual purge in the retail package than did steaks retail displayed immediately after tenderloin removal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1986.tb13823.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the NO + O3 Reaction Rate at Atmospheric Pressure Using Realistic Mixing Ratios (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 29 (1998), S. 299-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: rate constant ; temperaturedependence ; troposphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Accurate values for the rate and temperature dependence of the reaction NO + O3 → NO2 + O2 are important in the chemical modelling of photochemical processes in the atmosphere. Previous measurements have been made at low total pressures and/or with very large mixing ratios relative to those observed in the atmosphere. In this study the reaction rate has been measured using a novel approach under tropospheric conditions of temperature and pressure, and at tens of ppb (mixing ratios of 1 in 108) between 263 and 328 K. The resultant Arrhenius expression (k=Ae-Ea/RT) gives a larger activation energy (Ea/R=1670 ± 100) than the recommended literature value (Ea/R=1400 ± 200), and a larger pre-exponential factor (A=5.1 ± 1.6 × 10-12 cf. recommended A=2.0 × 10-12), but the second-order rate constant at 298 K (1.90 × 10-14 molecules cm-3 s-1 ± 10%) is similar to the recommended value. The results confirm a lack of pressure dependence of the reaction, but were made over too small a range in temperature to address the issue of curvature of the simple Arrhenius expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005936016311
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing of oxidised nitrogen compounds by passage through winter-time orographic cloud (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 24 (1996), S. 211-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: air pollution ; field study ; modelling ; atmospheric chemistry ; troposphere ; clouds ; nitrogen compounds ; NO x ; NO3 ; N2O5 ; NO3 - ; NO2 - ; HNO3 ; HNO2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Four case studies are described, from a three-site field experiment in October/November 1991 using the Great Dun Fell flow-through reactor hill cap cloud in rural Northern England. Measurements of total odd-nitrogen nitrogen oxides (NO y ) made on either side of the hill, before and after the air flowed through the cloud, showed that 10 to 50% of the NO y , called NO z , was neither NO nor NO2. This NO z failed to exhibit a diurnal variation and was often higher after passage through cloud than before. No evidence of conversion of NO z to NO3 - in cloud was found. A simple box model of gas-phase chemistry in air before it reached the cloud, including scavenging of NO3 and N2O5 by aerosol of surface area proportional to the NO2 mixing ratio, shows that NO3 and N2O5 may build up in the boundary layer by night only if stable stratification insulates the air from emissions of NO. This may explain the lack of evidence for N2O5 forming NO3 - in cloud under well-mixed conditions in 1991, in contrast with observations under stably stratified conditions during previous experiments when evidence of N2O5 was found. Inside the cloud, some variations in the calculated total atmospheric loading of HNO2 and the cloud liquid water content were related to each other. Also, indications of conversion of NO x to NO z were found. To explain these observations, scavenging of NO x and HNO2 by cloud droplets and/or aqueous-phase oxidation of NO2 - by nitrate radicals are considered. When cloud acidity was being produced by aqueous-phase oxidation of NO x or SO2, NO3 - which had entered the cloud as aerosol particles was liberated as HNO3 vapour. When no aqueous-phase production of acidity was occurring, the reverse, conversion of scavenged HNO3 to particulate NO3 -, was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210284
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