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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Remifentanil ; Analgosedierung ; Beatmung ; Intensivmedizin ; Key words Remifentanil ; Analgesia ; Sedation ; Mechanical ventilation ; Critical care
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objectives: It was the aim of this investigation to report our initial clinical experience on the use of remifentanil in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Additionally, we hypothesized that even under intensive care conditions remifentanil might facilitate a temporally predictable and ”programmed” tracheal extubation. Methods: Remifentanil was used for analgesia and sedation of mechanically ventilated patients who were admitted to the ICU following major noncardiac surgery or who had to be ventilated due to respiratory failure. The infusion was started with 0.15 µg/kg/min and then adapted in steps of 0.05 µg/kg/min according to clinical needs. After admission to the ICU the depth of sedation was adjusted to a Ramsay score level of 4 (sleeping patient, immediately arousable) and then targeted at a level of 2–3 (patient awake, co-operative and tranquil or responding to command only). In case of sufficient pain relief but inadequate sedation patients could receive bolus doses of midazolam (1–3 mg) or an infusion of clonidine (0.5 µg/kg/h), the latter especially in case of shivering or hypertension. Prior to extubation bolus doses of piritramide (3–5 mg) and a non-opioid analgesic (metamizol or propacetamol) could be used for postoperative pain relief. Data are presented as mean±SD. Results: A total of 46 patients were studied, aged 62.8±15.4 yr with a mean APACHE II score of 19.2 points. The duration of remifentanil infusion ranged up to 78 h with a mean of 9.8 h. The mean infusion rate was 0.14±0.08 µg/kg/min during ongoing analgesia and sedation and 0.10±0.08 µg/kg/min immediately before its discontinuance. Additional sedatives were necessary in 63% of all patients. Emergence was rapid in the majority of cases: 67% of all patients could safely be extubated within 15 min after termination of remifentanil, and a total of 87% were extubated within 45 min. A development of tolerance was not observed during the study period. Conclusions: Remifentanil appeared to be suitable for analgesia and sedation of critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation: Even under intensive care conditions recovery was rapid in the majority of cases, and in two thirds of all patients tracheal extubation was temporally predictable and could be timed within 15 min. These results are best explained by the metabolism and offset of action of remifentanil obviously unaffected in the ICU area. However, for fast emergence the cautious use of additional sedatives is crucial.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit ist ein erster Erfahrungsbericht über den Einsatz von Remifentanil zur Analgosedierung beatmeter Intensivpatienten. Gleichzeitig wurde geprüft, ob eine rasche Extubation auch unter den Bedingungen der Intensivmedizin möglich ist bzw. sogar zeitlich programmiert stattfinden kann. Methodik: Berichtet wird über Patienten, die entweder postoperativ beatmet auf die Intensivstation verlegt wurden oder bei denen im Laufe der Intensivbehandlung eine maschinelle Beatmung erforderlich wurde. Die Remifentanilinfusion erfolgte initial mit 0,15 µg/kg/min und wurde dann in Schritten von ca. 0,05 µg/kg/min dem Bedarf angepaßt. Hierbei wurde unmittelbar postoperativ ein Ramsay-Score von 4 (schlafender Patient, sofort erweckbar), später ein Ramsay-Score von 2–3 (ruhig, kooperativ, wach bzw. auf Ansprache wach) angestrebt. Bei ausreichender Schmerzausschaltung, aber unzureichender Sedierung erhielten die Patienten zusätzlich Midazolamboli (1–3 mg) oder, insbesondere bei Muskelzittern oder Hypertonie, Clonidin 0,5 µg/kg/h; zusätzlich konnten die Patienten vor Ende der Remifentanilzufuhr Piritramidboli (3–5 mg) sowie ein Nichtopioidanalgetikum erhalten. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden die Daten (x–±SD) von 46 Patienten im Alter von 62,8±15,4 Jahren erfaßt (APACHE II Score 19,2±5,1 Punkte). Die mittlere Remifentanil-Infusionsdauer betrug 9,8 h, die mittlere Dosis im Verlauf 0,14±0,08 µg/kg/min und vor Extubation 0,10±0,08 µg/kg/min. 63% der Patienten benötigten zusätzlich Midazolam bzw. Clonidin. Die Extubation war bei 67% der Patienten in einem Zeitraum von ≤15 min bzw. bei insgesamt 87% der Patienten in der Zeitspanne von ≤45 min möglich, lediglich bei 2 der 46 Patienten dauerte dies länger als 120 min. Diskussion: Remifentanil besitzt in der Gruppe der Opioide bekannte pharmakologische Vorteile; hierzu gehört insbesondere das rasche Aufwachverhalten nach Infusionsende. Diese Eigenschaft von Remifentanil kann auch für die Analgosedierung beatmeter Intensivpatienten genutzt werden: So war eine Extubation auch unter den Bedingungen der Intensivmedizin nach vielstündiger maschineller Beatmung meist sehr zügig, bei 2/3 der Patienten sogar innerhalb von 15 min möglich. Der hypnotische Effekt von Remifentanil ist per se gering; bei rund 2/3 der Patienten waren zusätzliche Sedativa erforderlich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 46 (1997), S. 992-997 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gerade diese Eigenschaften könnten die gebräuchlichen Anästhesie-Konzepte nachhaltig verändern: Werden bislang die für Narkosezwecke verwendeten Opioide Fentanyl, Sufentanil und Alfentanil bei Standardnarkosen wegen der zu erwartenden postoperativen Atemdepression, in eher niedriger Dosierung, vorwiegend als Supplement volatiler Anästhetika eingesetzt, so kann Remifentanil bis zum Ende der Operation, auch in hoher Dosierung, zugeführt werden, ergänzt durch ein volatiles Anästhetikum in niedriger Konzentration oder durch Propofol jeweils als hypnotische Komponente [12]. Allerdings fehlen bislang die hierfür erforderlichen Erfahrungen mit der klinischen Anwendung von Remifentanil. Es war daher das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung, die in den ersten 9 Monaten nach Markteinführung von Remifentanil gewonnenen Erfahrungen zu sammeln und bei einem möglichst großen Patientenkollektiv anzuwenden. Dabei sollten – unter den Bedingungen der täglichen Routine – vor allem folgende Informationen zur Anwendung von Remifentanil erhoben werden: Dosisfindung, Einfluß auf Aufwachphase, Blutdruck- und Herzfrequenzverhalten bzw. Steuerbarkeit, Einsatzgebiete sowie mögliche und bisher nicht beschriebene unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0925-4439
    Keywords: (Rhizomelic Chrondrodysplasia Punctata) ; Fibroblast ; Peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase ; Peroxisomal disease ; Peroxisomal β-oxidation ; Peroxisome
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 55 (1978), S. 478-479 
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter 158 (1989), S. 284-286 
    ISSN: 0921-4526
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 27 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper develops a general integer programming model for strategic, area-wide contingency planning of oil spill cleanup operations. Model inputs include the set of risk points and the likely spill scenarios and response requirements for each, the sites of existing storage locations and the inventory of components at each, and potential sites for new storage locations. The model prescribes a minimum total cost plan to either build new storage locations, expand existing ones, or both, to purchase new components and pre-position them, and a contingency plan that determines which response systems should be composed to enable an effective time-phased response for each likely spill scenario. A family of heuristics based on linear programming (LP) is devised to resolve this strategic problem, providing an area-wide contingency plan. The heuristics are evaluated on a set of 10 test problems that involve 1869 general integer variables and 3264 constraints. Computational tests indicate that four heuristics are quite effective, prescribing solutions for each of 10 test cases within 1.41% of optimum and within a few minutes runtime. This study focused on modeling the Galveston Bay Area, and the test problems represent application in that area. A sensitivity analysis is demonstrated by assessing the impacts of component availability and the degradation of cleanup capability over time. Use of the model as a decision support aid by responsible parties, contractors, governmental organizations and others is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4456-4458 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The spin dependence of L2,3 absorption in 5d atoms oriented in a ferromagnetic matrix contains information on the spin density of the empty d-projected states of the absorbing atom. Spin-dependent absorption spectroscopy using circularly polarized synchrotron radiation was applied to study the polarization of the Pt atoms in the binary alloy Co50Pt50 and Pt/Co layered structures, which are promising candidates for magneto-optical recording. The spin-dependent absorption signals for vapor-deposited 250(4 A(ring) Co+18 A(ring) Pt) and 250(6 A(ring) Co+18 A(ring) Pt) multilayers indicate a ferromagnetic coupling on Pt and Co atoms with a significant Pt polarization. This is reduced on average by about 60% with respect to the Pt polarization in the Co50Pt50 alloy. The experimental results are discussed on the basis of spin-polarized band-structure calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 1661-1665 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Spin-dependent absorption spectroscopy with circularly polarized synchrotron radiation is presented as a new method to study magnetism in magnetic solids. In the near-edge absorption region, the spin-dependent absorption coefficient probes the spin density of unoccupied states of selected angular momentum at the absorber atom. The spin-dependent absorption effects as function of temperature contain information on the local magnetic coupling. A large spin-dependent part of the absorption of ∼+0.22 at the Pt L2 edges in PtFe is observed in transmission and fluorescence mode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 19 (1987), S. 1179-1184 
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Keywords: Cellular autophagy ; Electron microscopy ; Isoproterenol ; Morphometry ; Myocardium
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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