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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of the chalcone isosalipurposide in primary leaves of barley flavonoid mutants indicates a defective chalcone isomerase (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 101 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mutants defective in flavonoid biosynthesis have become increasingly useful in elucidating the potential functions of these compounds in plants. To define the role of flavonoids as UV-B protectants in barley, we have screened part of the collection of proanthocyanidin-free barley mutants at the Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark. The four mutants ant 30–245, ant 30–272, ant 30–287 and ant 30–310 showed drastically reduced flavonoid levels in the primary leaf as compared to their corresponding parent varieties, and in addition accumulated a new mutant-specific phenolic compound which was identified as the chalcone glucoside isosalipurposide. Results from diallelic crosses indicate that all four mutants belong to the same new complementation group, which is designated as the Ant 30 locus. This gene has not earlier been described in barley. The data presented suggest a defective chalcone isomerase gene for the observed flavonoid pattern in leaves of ant 30 mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb01070.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marine biosurfactants. IV. Production, characterization and biosynthesis of an anionic glucose lipid from the marine bacterial strain MM1 (1992)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 37 (1992), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary During screening for biosurfactants among marine, n-alkane-utilizing bacteria, low- and high-molecular surface-active substances were detected. The marine bacterial strain MM1 was found to synthesize a novel glycolipid that has not so far been cited in the literature. Both 1H, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometer studies led to the identification of a glucose lipid consisting of four 3-OH-decanoic acids, which are linked together by ester bonds. The lipophilic moiety is coupled glycosidically with C-1 of glucose. The glucolipid reduced the surface tension from 72 mN/m to 30 mN/m while the minimum interfacial tension towards n-hexadecane was lowered to values smaller than 5 mN/m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210978
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penta- and disaccharide lipid formation by Nocardia corynebacteroides grown on n-alkanes (1989)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 31 (1989), S. 473-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Nocardia corynebacteroides SM1 synthesized di- and pentasaccharide lipids when grown on n-alkanes, especially under nitrogen limitation. Optimum conditions for their formation were pH 6.4–6.8, NaNO3 as nitrogen source and yeast extract supplementation of the nutrient. A study of the time course of whole glycolipid production was carried out in a 20-l bioreactor. After extraction of the culture broth with organic solvents three main components could be isolated. Both 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and elemental analysis studies led to the identification of one novel pentasaccharide lipid and two trehalose corynomycolates. The oligosaccharide lipid showed significant surface and interfacial active properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270779
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of carenes to chaminic acids by Mycobacterium smegmatis DSM 43061 (1990)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 33 (1990), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary (+)-2-Carene is oxidized to (−)-isochaminic acid by Mycobacterium smegmatis DSM 43061. The side product (+)-2-carene-4-one is formed partially by autoxidation. (+)-3-Carene yields, under the same conditions, (+)-chaminic acid together with (+)-3-carene-5-one and a compound with a cleaved cyclopropane ring, 2-(3′-methylcyclohexa-3′,5′-dienyl)propane-2-ol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164516
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenylpropanoids in mycorrhizas of the Pinaceae (1999)
    Springer
    Planta 208 (1999), S. 491-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Conifers (Abies ; Picea ; Pinus ; Pseudotsuga) ; Ectomycorrhiza ; Phenylpropanoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Tissue-specific accumulation of phenylpropanoids was studied in mycorrhizas of the conifers, silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.], white pine (Pinus strobus L.), Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.), and Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco], using high-performance liquid chromatography and histochemical methods. The compounds identified were soluble flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), proanthocyanidins (mainly dimeric catechins and/or epicatechins), stilbene glucosides (astringin and isorhapontin), one dihydroflavonol glucoside (taxifolin 3′-O-glucopyranoside), and a hydroxycinnamate derivative (unknown ferulate conjugate). In addition, a cell wall-bound hydroxycinnamate (ferulate) and a hydroxybenzaldehyde (vanillin) were analysed. Colonisation of the root by the fungal symbiont correlated with the distribution pattern of the above phenylpropanoids in mycorrhizas suggesting that these compounds play an essential role in restricting fungal growth. The levels of flavanols and cell wall-bound ferulate within the cortex were high in the apical part and decreased to the proximal side of the mycorrhizas. In both Douglas fir and silver fir, which allowed separation of inner and outer parts of the cortical tissues, a characteristic transversal distribution of these compounds was found: high levels in the inner non-colonised part of the cortex and low levels in the outer part where the Hartig net is formed. Restriction of fungal growth to the outer cortex may also be achieved by characteristic cell wall thickening of the inner cortex which exhibited flavanolic wall infusions in Douglas fir mycorrhizas. Long and short roots of conifers from natural stands showed similar distribution patterns of phenylpropanoids and cell wall thickening compared to the respective mycorrhizas. These results are discussed with respect to co-evolutionary adaptation of both symbiotic partners regarding root structure (anatomy) and root chemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050586
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The solution structure of a [3Fe-4S] ferredoxin: oxidised ferredoxin II from Desulfovibrio gigas (1999)
    Springer
    JBIC 4 (1999), S. 421-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1327
    Keywords: Key words Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Solution structure ; Ferredoxin ; Paramagnetic protein ; Desulfovibrio gigas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The use of standard 2D NMR experiments in combination with 1D NOE experiments allowed the assignment of 51 of the 58 spin systems of oxidised [3Fe-4S] ferredoxin isolated from Desulfovibrio gigas. The NMR solution structure was determined using data from 1D NOE and 2D NOESY spectra, as distance constraints, and information from the X-ray structure for the spin systems not detected by NMR in torsion angle dynamics calculations to produce a family of 15 low target function structures. The quality of the NMR family, as judged by the backbone r.m.s.d. values, was good (0.80 Å), with the majority of φ/ψ angles falling within the allowed region of the Ramachandran plot. A comparison with the X-ray structure indicated that the overall global fold is very similar in solution and in the solid state. The determination of the solution structure of ferredoxin II (FdII) in the oxidised state (FdIIox) opens the way for the determination of the solution structure of the redox intermediate state of FdII (FdIIint), for which no X-ray structure is available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007750050328
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequestration and Metabolism of Host-Plant Flavonoids by the Lycaenid Butterfly Polyommatus bellargus (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1361-1372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Polyommatus bellargus ; Lepidoptera ; Lycaenidae ; Coronilla varia ; Fabaceae ; flavonoids ; sequestration ; insect–plant interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Larvae of the lycaenid butterfly Polyommatus bellargus were reared on leaves of Coronilla varia that are rich in flavone C-glycosides. Six flavonoids including isovitexin and isoorientin, as well as several of their congeners were isolated and identified by spectroscopic means. Comparative HPLC analysis of the host plant and of larvae, pupae, and imagines of P. bellargus indicated selective uptake of isovitexin versus isoorientin derivatives. Isovitexin-2″-O-xyloside was the major flavonoid detected in pupae and in imagines of P. bellargus. Several minor components were tentatively identified as quercetin- and kaempferol-O-glycosides based on their on line-UV spectra and by comparison with known standards. Since leaves of the host plant accumulate exclusively flavones, the flavonol glycosides are considered to be biotransformation products that are formed by the insects and/ or by symbiotic bacteria. Imagines of P. bellargus caught in the wild exhibited similar flavonoid patterns compared to imagines reared in the laboratory. Within the imagines, approximately 80% of all flavonoids are stored in the wings (especially in the orange submarginal lunules), whereas the remaining 20% resides in the bodies. Female butterflies show a significantly higher flavonoid concentration than males. It is suggested that the sequestered flavonoids are involved in visual mate recognition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006469.00557.69
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of phenolic acid conjugates and betacyanins, and changes in the activities of enzymes involved in feruloylglucose metabolism in cell-suspension cultures of Chenopodium rubrum L. (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 184 (1991), S. 261-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Betalain ; Chenopodium (secondary metabolism in cell culture) ; Enzymatis synthesis ; Glucose ester ; Hydroxycinnamic acid ; Phenylpropanoid metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell-suspension cultures of Chenopodium rubrum accumulate various soluble secondary phenolic metabolites such as the hydroxybenzoic acid glycosides 4-hydroxybenzoic acid-β-glucoside, vanillic acid-β-glucoside, the hydroxycinnamic acid acylglycosides 1-O-(4-coumaroyl)-β-glucose, 1-O-feruloyl-β-glucose, 1-O-sinapoyl-β-glucose and 1-O-feruloyl-(β-1,2-glucuronosyl)-β-glucose, the hydroxycinnamic acid amide N-feruloylaspartate, and the betacyanins betanin, amaranthin and celosianin II. In addition, accumulation of the insoluble cell wall-bound hydroxycinnamic acids with ferulic acid as the major component occurs parallel to culture growth. The changes of three pivotal enzymatic activities, all O-transferases which are involved in the formation of the dominant ferulic acid conjugates, were determined. These are (i) uridine 5′-diphosphate(UDP)glucose-hydroxycinnamic acid O-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1), (ii) UDP-glucuronic acid:1-O-hydroxycin-namoyl-β-glucose O-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1) and (iii) 1-O-hydroxycinnamoyl-β-glucose:amaranthin O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1). The patterns of metabolite accumulation associated with these enzyme activities show that the hydroxycinnamic acid-glucose esters play a central role as metabolically active intermediates in the secondary metabolism of Ch. rubrum. Two cell lines of this culture (CH, CHN), differing in their betacyanin content, were compared with respect to this metabolism. A markedly higher total betacyanin content in the CHN line might possibly be the consequence of an increased supply of the key precursor for betalain biosynthesis, i.e. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). In addition, the enhanced accumulation of celosianin II in the CHN line correlates well with a higher activity of the enzyme catalyzing the transfer of ferulic acid from 1-O-feruloyl-β-glucose to amaranthin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197956
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of phenolic acid conjugates and betacyanins, and changes in the activities of enzymes involved in feruloylglucose metabolism in cell-suspension cultures ofChenopodium rubrum L. (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 184 (1991), S. 261-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Betalain ; Chenopodium (secondary metabolism in cell culture) ; Enzymatis synthesis ; Glucose ester ; Hydroxycinnamic acid ; Phenylpropanoid metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell-suspension cultures ofChenopodium rubrum accumulate various soluble secondary phenolic metabolites such as the hydroxybenzoic acid glycosides 4-hydroxybenzoic acid-β-glucoside, vanillic acid-β-glucoside, the hydroxycinnamic acid acylglycosides 1-O-(4-coumaroyl)-β-glucose, 1-O-feruloyl-β-glucose, 1-O-sinapoyl-β-glucose and 1-O-feruloyl-(β-1,2-glucuronosyl)-β-glucose, the hydroxycinnamic acid amide N-feruloylaspartate, and the betacyanins betanin, amaranthin and celosianin II. In addition, accumulation of the insoluble cell wall-bound hydroxycinnamic acids with ferulic acid as the major component occurs parallel to culture growth. The changes of three pivotal enzymatic activities, all O-transferases which are involved in the formation of the dominant ferulic acid conjugates, were determined. These are (i) uridine 5′-diphosphate(UDP)glucose-hydroxycinnamic acid O-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1), (ii) UDP-glucuronic acid:1-O-hydroxycin-namoyl-β-glucose O-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1) and (iii) 1-O-hydroxycinnamoyl-β-glucose:amaranthin O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1). The patterns of metabolite accumulation associated with these enzyme activities show that the hydroxycinnamic acid-glucose esters play a central role as metabolically active intermediates in the secondary metabolism ofCh. rubrum. Two cell lines of this culture (CH, CHN), differing in their betacyanin content, were compared with respect to this metabolism. A markedly higher total betacyanin content in the CHN line might possibly be the consequence of an increased supply of the key precursor for betalain biosynthesis, i.e. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). In addition, the enhanced accumulation of celosianin II in the CHN line correlates well with a higher activity of the enzyme catalyzing the transfer of ferulic acid from 1-O-feruloyl-β-glucose to amaranthin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01102427
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of phenolic conjugates and betacyanins, and changes in the activities of enzymes involved in feruloylglucose metabolism in cell-suspension cultures of Chenopodium rubrum L. (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 185 (1991), S. 131-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194524
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