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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 41 (1971), S. 567-577 
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 27 (1971), S. 1220-1221 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Resumé Un taux faible d'insuline immunoréactive (IRI) et d'activité semblable à l'insuline (ILA) a été décelé dans la muqueuse duodénale du rat, mais non pas dans celles du lapin, du chat et du chien. Les autres régions du tractus digestif de toutes ces expèces présentaient un taux extrèmement bas d'insuline. Le traitement par l'alloxane entraîne le vidage de l'IRI et l'ILA duodénales.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 27 (1971), S. 460-461 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Perorale Glykosebelastung ergab bei vagotomierten Ratten Erhöhung des Blutglykosespiegels. Nach intravenöser Glykosezufuhr wurden niedrigere Werte von immunoreaktivem Insulin im Serum gefunden. Ebenso war der insulinogene Index bedeutend niedriger sowohl nach peroraler als auch nach intravenöser Glykosezufuhr. Vagotomie dürfte somit die glykosebedingte Insulinfreisetzung reduzieren.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 405-406 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary VIP-containing nerve fibers as well as cholinergic nerve fibers have a ubiquitous distribution in the body and both types of nerves have been demonstrated to innervate the pancreatic islets. The present study shows, in the intact, conscious mouse, that VIP and the cholinergic agonist carbachol stimulate glucagon secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore VIP and carbachol were found to exert potentiating interactions on glucagon secretion. These results suggest the existence of an interactive neural regulation of glucagon secretion, exerted by acetylcholine and VIP.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Pancreatic islets ; nitric oxide synthase ; haem oxygenase ; imunocytochemistry ; confocal microscopy.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. To map the cellular location of inducible and constitutive nitric oxide synthase and haem oxygenase in rat islets to clarify the morphological background to putative nitric oxide and carbon monoxide pathways. Methods. Immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Results. After treatment with endotoxin, immunoreactivity for inducible nitric oxide synthase was expressed in a large number of islet cells, most of which were insulin-immunoreactive beta cells and in single glucagon-immunoreactive and pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive cells. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells lacked immunoreactivity for inducible nitric oxide synthase. In untreated rats, immunoreactivity for constitutive nitric oxide synthase occurred in the majority of insulin-immunoreactive and glucagon-immunoreactive cells, in most pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells and in islet nerves. Similarly, immunoreactivity for constitutive haem oxygenase was detected in all four types of islet cells. Endotoxin treatment did not change the pattern of immunoreactivity for constitutive and inducible haem oxygenase. After treatment with alloxan, insulin-immunoreactivity was observed only in single islet cells, being almost devoid of immunoreactivity for constitutive nitric oxide synthase and haem oxygenase. Conclusion/interpretation. In vivo endotoxin-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in insulin-producing and in scattered glucagon-producing and pancreatic polypeptide-producing cells strengthens previous suggestions of a pathophysiological role for inducible nitric oxide synthase in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The presence of constitutive nitric oxide synthase and haem oxygenase in all four types of islet cells, together with recent functional data of ours support roles for nitric oxide and carbon monoxide as intracellular, paracrine or neurocrine modulators of islet hormone secretion. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 978–986]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Diabetologia 7 (1971), S. 339-348 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Autoradiography ; 5-hydroxytryptamine ; 5-hydroxytryptophan ; monoamine oxidase inhibition ; mouse ; pancreatic islets ; reserpine ; ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé En appliquant la technique autoradiographique, on a étudié la distribution cellulaire et subcellulaire de la radioactivité dans les îlots pancréatiques de la souris après une injection intra-veineuse de3H-5-hydroxytryptophane. Des grains d'argent autoradiographiques dont la plupart représentent probablement de la 5-hydroxytryptamine qui s'est formée à partir du précurseur marqué, sont apparus sur les cellules A2 et B, tandis que très peu de grains ont été trouvés sur les cellules A1 à chacun des examens (entre 20 min et 16 h) et de même après l'inhibition de la monoamine-oxidase. L'analyse quantitative des coupes autoradiographiques a révélé que la concentration de grains d'argent sur les granules spécifiques des cellules A2 et B était 5 à 10 fois plus élevée que sur les parties restantes de ces cellules. Sur les cellules A2 le nombre le plus élevé de grains a été noté 20 min après l'injection du marqueur et sur les cellules B une heure après cette injection. Au bout de 8 h, il n'apparaissait que très peu de grains d'argent sur les cellules des îlots, et plus aucun au bout de 16 h. L'inhibition de la monoamine-oxidase a provoqué une augmentation de la rétention de marqueur sur les cellules des îlots, plus prononcée sur les cellules A2. Un traitement préalable à la réserpine a supprimé cette réaction autoradiographique.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Technik der Autoradiographie wurde die zelluläre und subzelluläre Verteilung der Radioaktivität nach intravenöser Applikation von3H-5-Hydroxytryptophan in den Pankreasinseln der Maus untersucht. Die autoradiographischen Silberkörner, welche zumeist 5-Hydroxytryptamin darstellen, das aus der radioaktiven Ausgangssubstanz gebildet worden war, erschienen über den A2 und B-Zellen, während nach jedem untersuchten Zeitintervall (20 min–16 Std) auch wenn die Monoamino-Oxidase gehemmt wurde, nur sehr wenige Körner über den A1-Zellen erschienen. Quantitative Untersuchungen der Autoradiographieschnitte zeigten, daß die Konzentration der Silberkörner über den spezifischen Granula der A2-Zellen und der B-Zellen etwa 5–10 mal höher als über den restlichen Teilen der Zellen war. In den A2-Zellen wurde die höchste Körnerkonzentration nach 20 min, in den B-Zellen 1 Std nach Injektion der markierten Substanz festgestellt. Nach 8 Std zeigten sich nur wenige, nach 16 Std keine Silberkörner mehr über den Inselzellen. Die Hemmung der Monoamino-Oxidase verursachte eine vermehrte Anreicherung von Radioaktivität über den Inselzellen, am meisten über den A2-Zellen. Eine Vorbehandlung mit Reserpin verhinderte die autoradiographische Darstellung.
    Notizen: Summary By application of autoradiographic technique the cellular and subcellular distribution of radio-activity in mouse pancreatic islets was investigated following intravenous administration of3H-5-hydroxytryptophan. Autoradiographic silver grains, most of which probably represent 5-hydroxytryptamine formed from the labelled precursor, appeared over A2 and B cells, whereas very few grains were recorded over A1 cells at any time investigated (20 min–16 hours) and also when monoamine oxidase was inhibited. Quantitative analysis of autoradiographic sections revealed that the concentration of silver grains over the specific granules of A2 and B cells was 5–10 times higher than over the remaining parts of these cells. In A2 cells the highest grain count was recorded at 20 minutes, in B cells at 1 hour after the injection of label. After 8 hours very few, and after 16 hours no silver grains appeared over islet cells. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase caused an increased retention of label over islet cells, most pronounced over A2 cells. Pretreatment with reserpine abolished the autoradiographic reaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): B-cell ; B-cell granules ; DOPA ; dopamine ; electron microscopic autoradiography ; glibenclamide ; glucose ; insulin secretion ; isopropylnoradrenaline ; mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Accumulation and subcellular localization of dopamine (DA) in pancreatic B-cells and its effects on insulin secretion were investigated in mice following a single injection of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-alanine (L-DOPA). Electron microscopic autoradiography showed that3H-DA formed from administered3H-DOPA was present over B-cells as well as over other types of islet cells. Pretreatment of the animals with a decarboxylase inhibitor greatly reduced the number of autoradiographic grains. In the B-cells the3H-DA-grains were associated with the secretory granules. The location of the label may suggest an incorporation in the periphery of the β-granule, rather than in the dense core, supposed to contain insulin. Accumulation of DA in the B-cells following L-DOPA administration was found to inhibit partially the insulin secretory response to different insulin secretagogues (glucose, glibenclamide and L-isopropylnoradrenaline (L-IPNA)). Treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitor + L-DOPA induced an almost total suppression of L-IPNA-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas glucose-induced insulin release was still only partially inhibited. Pretreatment with a decarboxylase inhibitor abolished the effects of L-DOPA. It is suggested that intracellularly accumulated DA in the B-cell exerts an inhibitory action on insulin releasing mechanisms induced by different secretagogues and that this action might involve interference with a calcium translocation process at the level of the secretory granule.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 54-59 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): VIP ; secretin ; gastrin ; basal insulin secretion ; stimulated insulin secretion ; cholinergic stimulation ; β-adrenergic stimulation ; glucose stimulation ; in vivo ; mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The in vivo effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), secretin and two different molecular forms of gastrin, gastrin 17 and pentagastrin, on basal and stimulated insulin secretion have been investigated in the mouse. All these peptides induced a moderate dose-dependent increase in basal insulin secretion. The different polypeptides showed complex effects on insulin release stimulated by glucose, the cholinergic agonist carbachol or the β adrenergic agonist L-isopropylnoradrenaline (LIPNA), these effects being dependent on the nature of the secretagogue. VIP and secretin both potentiated glucose-induced insulin release. Secretin inhibited insulin secretion induced by carbachol and LIPNA, whereas VIP potentiated L-IPNA-induced insulin secretion and had no influence on the effect of carbachol. Gastrin 17 and pentagastrin did not affect glucose- or carbachol-induced insulin release, whereas they inhibited L-IPNA-induced insulin secretion. The results suggest that VIP, secretin and gastrin display their effects on insulin secretion through different mechanisms. The results indirectly suggest the existence of separate insulin secretory pathways which operate differently, or at least partly differently, after glucose stimulation, cholinergic stimulation, and β-adrenergic stimulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Diabetologia 21 (1981), S. 54-59 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): VIP ; secretin ; gastrin ; basal insulin secretion ; stimulated insulin secretion ; cholinergic stimulation ; β-adrenergic stimulation ; glucose stimulation ; in vivo ; mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The in vivo effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), secretin and two different molecular forms of gastrin, gastrin 17 and pentagastrin, on basal and stimulated insulin secretion have been investigated in the mouse. All these peptides induced a moderate dose-dependent increase in basal insulin secretion. The different polypeptides showed complex effects on insulin release stimulated by glucose, the cholinergic agonist carbachol or theβ-adrenergic agonist L-isopropylnoradrenaline (L-IPNA), these effects being dependent on the nature of the secretagogue. VIP and secretin both potentiated glucose-induced insulin release. Secretin inhibited insulin secretion induced by carbachol and L-IPNA, whereas VIP potentiated L-IPNA-induced insulin secretion and had no influence on the effect of carbachol. Gastrin 17 and pentagastrin did not affect glucose- or carbachol-induced insulin release, whereas they inhibited L-IPNA-induced insulin secretion. The results suggest that VIP, secretin and gastrin display their effects on insulin secretion through different mechanisms. The results indirectly suggest the existence of separate insulin secretory pathways which operate differently, or at least partly differently, after glucose stimulation, cholinergic stimulation, andβ-adrenergic stimulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Diabetologia 22 (1982), S. 258-263 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Plasma glucagon ; mice ; muscular dystrophy ; gel filtration ; immunoglobulins ; glucose ; insulin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The present investigation was undertaken to determine and characterize glucagon immunoreactivity in plasma from normal NMRI mice and from dystrophic mice and their unaffected littermates of the 129/ReJ strain. Very young dystrophic mice (6 weeks old) displayed much higher basal levels of plasma glucagon immunoreactivity than normal mice. In contrast, plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose were lower in these dystrophic mice than in normal NMRI mice. The plasma glucagon levels declined with age in both strains during the time-period studied (1.5–5 months). Gel filtration of plasma from dystrophic as well as normal mice on Sephadex G-200 revealed that a large part of the total glucagon immunoreactivity was eluted in fractions containing the immunoglobulins. The amount of the ‘true’ glucagon part was lower in plasma from normal mice (about 0.2 μg/l) than in plasma from mice of the dystrophic strain (0.4–0.5 μg/l)). This finding was indirectly corroborated by the observation that a large intravenous glucose load decreased plasma glucagon by approximately 0.2 μg/l in the non-dystrophic NMRI strain and by about 0.4–0.6 μg/l in the dystrophic strain. Thus, the ability of glucose to suppress glucagon secretion appeared unaffected in the dystrophic mice. Glucose-induced insulin release, however, was considerably impaired in these animals. It is concluded that mice of the dystrophic 129/ReJ strain have higher plasma levels of ‘true’ glucagon than mice of the non-dystrophic NMRI strain. Whether the abnormally high plasma glucagon levels in the dystrophic strain, particularly in very young dystrophic mice, might contribute to the development of the muscular dystrophy remains to be elucidated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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