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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chaos in protein dynamics (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 29 (1997), S. 417-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Schlagwort(e): nonlinear dynamics ; chaotic motion in complex systems ; protein folding pathways ; molecular dynamics ; Lyapunov exponent ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: MD simulations, currently the most detailed description of the dynamic evolution of proteins, are based on the repeated solution of a set of differential equations implementing Newton's second law. Many such systems are known to exhibit chaotic behavior, i.e., very small changes in initial conditions are amplified exponentially and lead to vastly different, inherently unpredictable behavior. We have investigated the response of a protein fragment in an explicit solvent environment to very small perturbations of the atomic positions (10-3-10-9 Å). Independent of the starting conformation (native-like, compact, extended), perturbed dynamics trajectories deviated rapidly, leading to conformations that differ by approximately 1 Å RMSD within 1-2 ps. Furthermore, introducing the perturbation more than 1-2 ps before a significant conformational transition leads to a loss of the transition in the perturbed trajectories. We present evidence that the observed chaotic behavior reflects physical properties of the system rather than numerical instabilities of the calculation and discuss the implications for models of protein folding and the use of MD as a tool to analyze protein folding pathways. Proteins 29:417-425, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Borsäure und arsenige Säure, eine Studie über Komplexbildung (1903)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 37 (1903), S. 353-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19030370126
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die Konstitution wäßriger Chromsäurelösungen (1923)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 126 (1923), S. 54-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: No abstract.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19231260104
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Site-specific drug delivery to the lung (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 3 (1992), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Schlagwort(e): Polyanhydrides ; Pulmonary neoplasms ; Mice ; Chemotherapy ; Cisplatin ; BCNU ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Investigations were undertaken to determine whether anti-cancer drugs introduced locally into the lung using bioerodible polyanhydride microspheres as carriers would demonstrate both efficacy and reduced toxicity.BCNU (carmustine) and CDDP (cisplatin), loaded in polyanhydride microspheres, were administered to mice bearing either of two tumors selected for their affinity for the lung: the B16F10 melanoma and the recently established GL26F4 glioma. Following intravenous inoculation of these tumor cells, the number of metastatic foci formed in the lung follows a predictable time course and can readily be determined. Comparisons were made between the efficacy of microspheres introduced into the lung by intratracheal intubation (IT) and of those administered by intraperitoneal injection (IP). Administration of microspheres loaded either with BCNU or cisplatin reduced the detectable metastatic foci by 25-90% depending on the tumor load, both when administered IP and IT.Toxicity was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow cellularity as well as by determination of mortality rates. Intratracheal administration of either cisplatin or BCNU reduced the deleterious systemic effects observed when the drug was administered by IP injection. This was seen at high drug levels, where significant mortality occurred only in animals given drug injections IP; and at lower levels where IP injection led to a reduction of bone marrow blast cells, while IT administration caused no detectable effect on marrow cellularity.Since local delivery of BCNU or cisplatin through bioerodible polyanhydride microspheres induces significantly less systemic damage while demonstrating efficacy equal to or exceeding that of IP injection, this mode of drug delivery warrants further and more detailed exploration. Moreover, the method may be applicable to the treatment of other chronic pulmonary pathologies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1992.220030607
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanical and thermal properties of dragline silk from the spider Nephila clavipes (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 5 (1994), S. 401-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Schlagwort(e): Silk ; Mechanical ; Spider ; Silkworm ; Thermal ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Dragline silk from the spider, Nephila clavipes, was characterized by thermal analysis (TGA, DSC, DMA), computational modeling, scanning electron microscopy and by quasi-static as well as high rates of strain. Thermal stability to about 230°C was observed by TGA, two transitions by DMA, -75°C, representative of localized motion in the amorphous domain, and a main chain motion associated with partial melt at 210°C. Tensile tests indicated average initial modulus, ultimate tensile strength and ultimate tensile strain of 22 GPa, 1.1 GPa and 9%, respectively. The corresponding properties of the best fibers tested were 60 GPa, 2.9 GPa and 11%, respectively. High strain rates (〉50,000%/sec) indicated similar mechanical properties to the average values indicated above. Microscopy showed compressive and tensile strains to failure of 34%. Computational modeling yielded a crystal modulus of 200 GPa.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1994.220050801
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sorption of water by nylon 66 and kevlar 29. Equilibria and kineticsThis work performed at Sandia National Laboratories supported by the U.S. Dept. of Energy under Contract Number DEAC04-76DP00789. (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 2417-2427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The sorption of water by nylon 66 and Kevlar 29 fabrics was studied over a range of 20-98% relative humidities at 27°C. Equilibrium and rate relationships were developed from the data in this study and from nylon 66 and nylon 6 data of other studies involving fiber and film. The ratio of sorbed moisture to amide concentration is, on average and at high relative humidities, one water molecule per amide unit. The nylon equilibrium data show that there exist threshold relative humidities above and below which sorption properties differ. One threshold is correlated with the glass transition. Another is identified in the glassy state of nylon 6 in which moisture is tightly bound. The equilibrium constant values are highest and the moisture is most tightly bound at very low humidities, and the values are lowest in the plastic region at high humidities. NMR, DSC, and mechanical property data from others are correlated with the sorption discontinuities observed in this study. Rate data indicate that sorption is a diffusion-controlled process.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420907
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Light scattering of acetylated lignin (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 407-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Organosolv lignin was fractionated on a Sephadex G 75 column with 0.1M aqueous NaOH resulting in 14 fractions. These fractions were acetylated and a high-molecular-weight fraction (F3) was investigated by means of combined static and dynamic light scattering (LS) in solvents acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and trifluoroethanol (TFE). The measurements were found to be reproducible, and recycling of lignin by freeze drying caused slight but unessential changes in solution properties. Depending on the solvent used, weight average molecular weights Mw between two and ten million were found. By contrast, Mn of the fractions, measured by vapor pressure osmometry (VPO), was in the range of a few thousands only. Analysis of the angular dependence in static LS by means of a Casassa-Holtzer plot and the fractal dimensions showed the presence of chain stiffness, most distinct in TFE. Also, the dynamic light scattering results in TFE are typical for semiflexible chains, while in THF, and to some extent in acetone, the dynamic measurements including viscosity suggest the presence of spherical structures. These findings are being explained by large lignin clusters that consist of stiff subunits.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450305
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation and stress-strain properties of SBS and SIS block polymers made with dilithium initiators (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 163-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: ABA-type block polymers of styrene (monomer A) and isoprene or butadiene were prepared using two commercially available dilithium adducts of isoprene as initiators. One (DiLi-1) was predominantly dilithio diisoprene and contained a small amount of dimethyl ether (ether/Li 〉 1.0). The second (DiLi-1 C.E.) was a higher molecular weight version of DiLi-1, containing about seven isoprene units per molecule. It contained only a trace of dimethyl ether (ether/Li 〈 0.1). Polymers were made by charging all of the monomers at the start of the reaction. The diene polymerized first, incorporating some styrene. When the diene was consumed, the difunctional polymer chains then added a block of nearly pure polystyrene at each end. Thus an ABA-type polymer was synthesized in one step. These polymers show the usual behavior of pseudo-vulcanized elastomers. Their stress-strain curves are given. The SBS polymers had the higher tensile strengths. None had tensile strengths as high as SBS or SIS polymers made with n- or sec-butyllithium. It was shown that the diene blocks contain appreciable amounts of styrene. This leads to more compatibility between the A and B blocks; it also shortens the styrene blocks compared to the theoretical lengths of “pure” blocks. Both effects can lead to loss of tensile strength. Microstructures of the diene homopolymers made with these initiators are also given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160115
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Impact modification of engineering thermoplastics (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 527-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Impact modification was studied for a variety of engineering thermoplastics to determine if notched Izod data obtained at various temperatures and modifier concentrations could be correlated with particle size or surface-to-surface interparticle distance of the modifier. Elastomers evaluated were characteristic of those used in commercial blend systems for those polymers, and both functionalized and nonfunctionalized materials were studied. For the single matrix polymer/elastomer-modified blend systems studied [poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS), polyoxymethylene (POM), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)], elastomer interparticle distance provides a better correlation to brittle-tough transition temperature than does particle size, as predicted by the Wu model. In POM, the dispersion morphology of the samples used was not adequate to achieve the critical interparticle distance required for supertoughening at room temperature. In this study, the critical interparticle distance has been shown to depend on the degree of crystallinity (PPS) and the modulus of the impact modifier relative to the matrix (PBT). Actual adhesion of the polymer to the matrix (variation of functionality levels) was not found to have a strong influence (PBT). In POM, the increase in impact at the brittle-tough transition was dependent on the molecular weight of the base resin. This is examined with respect to the ratio of the molecular weight (Mn) to the entanglement molecular weight (Me), which determines the critical molecular weight necessary to achieve useful physical properties. In polyester (PET)/polycarbonate (PC)/elastomer blends, the molecular weight of the primary matrix resin (PET) determined impact properties within the molecular weight range of the resin studied. This was again related to the Mn/Me ratio for PET and PC. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 24 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070530507
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Decomposition kinetics of a phenolic-carbon composite. I. Resin available for volatilization (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14 (1970), S. 747-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The isothermal decomposition of a phenolic resin in a phenolic-carbon cloth composite was measured at approximately 0.1 to 0.2 torr over the temperature range of 105°-718°C. The kinetics are initially first order and, in the later stages, second order. An analytic technique is provided for calculating the maximum quantity of resin which will volatilize during decomposition, thereby obviating the necessity of measurements for extended time periods. The amount of resin available for volatilization during decomposition varies with temperature and is in equilibrium with resin, which does not volatilize. Plots of the equilibrium constant versus the reciprocal absolute temperature show that two equilibria are involved: one which predominates up to 352°C and the other above this temperature. The heats of reaction are 2.2 and 15.3 kcal/mole. The first value is associated with hydrogen bonding and the second with decomposition and oxidation activation energies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1970.070140318
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