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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fimbria-Fornix Transections Selectively Down-Regulate Subtypes of Glutamate Transporter and Glutamate Receptor Proteins in Septum and Hippocampus (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 67 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effects of CNS axotomy on glutamate transporter and glutamate receptor expression were evaluated in adult rats following unilateral fimbria-fornix transections. The septum and hippocampus were collected at 3, 7, 14, and 30 days postlesion. Homogenates were immunoblotted by using antibodies directed against glutamate transporters (GLT-1, GLAST, and EAAC1) and glutamate receptors (GluR1, GluR2/3, GluR6/7, and NMDAR1), and they were assayed for glutamate transport by d-[3H]aspartate binding. GLT-1 was decreased at 7 and 14 days postlesion within the ipsilateral septum and at 7 days postlesion in the hippocampus. GLAST was decreased within the ipsilateral septum and hippocampus at 7 and 14 days postlesion. No postlesion alterations in EAAC1 immunoreactivity were observed. d-[3H]Aspartate binding was decreased at 7, 14, and 30 days postlesion within the ipsilateral septum and 14 days postlesion in the hippocampus. GluR2/3 expression was down-regulated at 30 days postlesion within the ipsilateral septum, whereas GluR1, GluR6/7, and NMDAR1 immunoreactivity was unchanged. In addition, no alterations in glutamate receptor expression were detected within hippocampal homogenates. This study demonstrates a selective down-regulation of primarily glial, and not neuronal, glutamate transporters and a delayed, subtype-specific down-regulation of septal GluR2/3 receptor expression after regional deafferentation within the CNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67031208.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alzheimer β/A4-Amyloid Precursor Protein: Evidence for Putative Amyloidogenic Fragment (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 58 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Recombinant baculovirus was used to overexpress human Alzheimer β/A4-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells. Lysates of these cells were then analyzed for the presence of carboxyl-terminal fragments of APP by an immuno-blotting assay using either an antibody against the APP cytoplasmic domain (rabbit anti-human 695APP645–694 or an antibody against the amino terminus of β/A4-amyloid (rabbit anti-human 695APP586–606). Anti-human 695APP645–694 identified APP holoprotein, a 25-kDa species, and a prominent group of carboxyl-terminal fragments of 17, 16, and 14 kDa, whereas anti-human 695APP586–606 identified APP holoprotein and a single prominent low-molecular-mass protein species comigrating with the 17-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragment identified by anti-human 695APP645–694. No immunoreactive species was detected at these molecular mass positions when either antibody was used for analysis of lysates of either uninfected Sf 9 cells or Sf 9 cells infected with wild-type Autographa californica baculovirus. For each antibody, specific immunoreactivity was abolished by preabsorption with the corresponding peptide immunogen. The incorporation of a β/A4-amyloid amino-terminal epitope into a 17-kDa fragment of APP suggests that, in the baculoviral overexpression system, the electrophoretic microheterogeneity of APP carboxyl-terminal fragments is due, at least in part, to alternative proteolysis of APP. If such carboxyl-terminal fragments of APP containing an intact β/A4-amyloid domain are produced in human brain, then they may represent intermediates in the conversion of APP to deposited β/A4-amyloid. The identification of potentially amyloidogenic fragments in recom-binantly engineered Sf 9 cells may provide a useful experimental system for determination of alternative sites of APP proteolysis and investigation of the processing mechanisms involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb09322.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical Characterization and Localization of a Non-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Glutamate Receptor in Rat Brain (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 58 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The structure and distribution of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors in the rat brain were studied using subunit-specific antibodies that recognize the receptor subunit GluRl. The GluRl protein, a 106-kDa glycoprotein, appears predominantly in synaptic plasma membranes, where it is highly enriched in the postsynaptic densities. When synaptic plasma membranes are solubilized with the detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-l-propanesul-fonate, high-affinity a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) binding and GluRl immunoreactivity comigrate at a native Mr of 610,000. GluRl is enriched in the hippocampus and cerebellar cortex but is present throughout the CNS. It is found on neuronal cell bodies and processes within most regions of the brain; within the cerebellum, however, it is localized to the Bergmann glia. These data suggest that the GluRl protein is a subunit of multimeric AMPA-preferring glutamate receptors present on neurons and on specialized glia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb09370.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Proteins NR2A and NR2B Are Differentially Distributed in the Developing Rat Central Nervous System as Revealed by Subunit-Specific Antibodies (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 66 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We have identified the regional distributions and developmental expression of NMDA-receptor proteins NR2A and NR2B in rat CNS, using two subunit-specific affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies that recognize NR2A and NR2B. In western blots of cells transfected with NR2A or NR2B cDNAs, and of brain homogenates, each antibody detects a single predominant 172-kDa protein corresponding to its homologous subunit. Both subunits are glycoproteins that are enriched in synaptic membranes. In adult rat CNS, NR2A and NR2B are enriched in cortex and hippocampus but are present in other forebrain regions. In hindbrain, NR2A is present at low levels but NR2B is barely detectable. These subunits are differentially expressed in postnatal CNS development. In cortex and striatum, NR2A is absent at birth but expression increases thereafter, whereas NR2B is expressed at nearly adult levels during forebrain development. In hindbrain, low levels of NR2A are present throughout development, whereas NR2B is expressed only transiently in the first postnatal weeks. These results suggest that native NMDA receptors are modulated by NR2A and NR2B in adult forebrain but not appreciably in hindbrain. In contrast, during early postnatal development, NR2B may have a more dominant role than NR2A in modulating NMDA receptors throughout the CNS. Thus, transient changes in NMDA-receptor function may occur during maturation of certain neuronal and/or glial populations via differential expression of NR2A and NR2B subunits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66020692.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin 5-HT1D Receptors in Human Prefrontal Cortex and Caudate: Interaction with a GTP Binding Protein (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 51 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Radioligand binding studies were performed to characterize serotonin 5-HT1D receptors in postmortem human prefrontal cortex and caudate homogenates. [3H]5-HT binding, in the presence of pindolol (to block 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors) and mesulergine (to block 5-HTlc receptors), was specific, saturable, reversible, and of high affinity. Scatchard analyses of [3H]5-HT-labeled 5-HT1D sites in human prefrontal cortex produced a KD value of 4.2 nM and Bmax of 126 fmol/mg protein. In competition experiments, 8-hydroxydipropylaminotetralin, trifluoromethylphenylpiper-azine, mesulergine, 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyliso-propylamine, and ICS 205–930 had low affinity for [3H]5-HT-labeled 5-HT1D sites, indicating that the pharmacology of the 5-HT1D site is distinct from that of previously identified 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HTlc, 5-HT2, and 5-HT3 sites. 5-HT1D sites in human brain have a similar pharmacology to the 5-HT1D sites previously identified in rat, porcine and bovine brains. Guanyl nucleotides, guanosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP-γ-S) and guanosine 5′-(β,γ-imido)-triphosphate (Gpp(NH)p), modulated the binding of [3H]5-HT to 5-HT1D sites, whereas adenyl nucleotides had no effect. These findings are supportive of the presence of serotonin 5-HT1D receptors in human prefrontal cortex and caudate which appear to be coupled to a GTP binding protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01176.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-Dependent Impairment of Mitochondrial Function in Primate Brain (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 60 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: It has been hypothesized that some of the functional impairments associated with aging are the result of increasing oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA that produces defects in oxidative phosphorylation. To test this hypothesis, we examined the enzymes that catalyze oxidative phosphorylation in crude mitochondrial preparations from frontoparietal cortex of 20 rhesus monkeys (5-34 years old). Samples were assayed for complex I, complex II-III, complex IV, complex V, and citrate synthase activities. When enzyme activities were corrected for citrate synthase activities (to account for variable degrees of mitochondrial enrichment), linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation of the activities of complex I (p 〈 0.002) and complex IV (p 〈 0.03) with age but no significant change in complex II-III or complex V activities. Relative to animals 6.9 ± 0.9 years old (n = 7), the citrate synthase-corrected activity of complex I was reduced by 17% in animals 22.5 ± 0.9 years old (n = 6) (p 〈 0.05) and by 22% in animals 30.7 ± 0.9 years old (n = 7) (p 〈 0.01). Similar age-related reductions in the activities of complexes I and IV were obtained when enzyme activities were corrected for complex II-III activity. These findings show an age-associated progressive impairment of mitochondrial complex I and complex IV activities in cerebral cortices of primates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13430.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two Experiential Orientations Toward a Stressful Situation and Their Related Somatic and Visceral Responses (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 14 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Experiential orientations toward a stressor, a threat of very painful electric shock, were found to be related to some visceral and somatic responses. Under such conditions, subjects either attempted to confront or avoid the stressor. Moreover, in the stress situation, a confronting orientation showed significantly higher trapezius electromyograms (EMGs) when compared to an avoiding orientation, and avoiding significantly higher heart rates (HRs) when compared to confronting. The existence of stress in this situation was based upon both physiological changes toward activation and subject feedback (i.e., self reports). Attention targets were suggested as another way of conceptualizing these two experiential orientations. The results indicated that these specific stress orientations expressed themselves in the body through specific physiological response profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1977.tb01191.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal Coatings (1955)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 47 (1955), S. 1511-1513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50548a022
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on Pyrimidines Related to Vitamin B1. I. A New Synthesis of 2-Methyl-6-aminopyrimidine-5-aldehyde (1940)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 62 (1940), S. 2818-2820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01867a055
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Amino Analog of Vitamin B1 (1941)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 63 (1941), S. 1067-1069 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01849a049
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