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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 23 (1984), S. 417-422 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The fate of several antifoulant organotin compounds, Ph3SnOH, Ph3SnCl, and Ph3SnOOOCH3 in water has been investigated using IR spectroscopy and thin-layer chromatography. Except for the residue resulting from the extract of aqueous Ph3SnOOOCH3 the IR spectrum of each residue was identical to that of the starting organotin compound. The IR spectrum of the residue obtained from the chloroform extract of aqueous Ph3Sn000CH3 which had been shaken for 7 days showed the presence of Ph3SnOH, as confirmed by the presence of a small doublet around 910 and 897 cm−1. Also, the pH measurement of each of the aqueous Ph3SnX solutions decreased with time. These results are interpreted to suggest that the organotin compounds studied ionize in aqueous media. Thin-layer chromatography results give further support to these findings. The study suggests that the X group in the compounds of the type Ph3SnX is labile in polar solvents and that Ph3SnOH, and/or Ph3SnX are the species formed in aqueous solution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 27 (1986), S. 191-197 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The antifoulant agents, bis-(tributyltin) oxide (TBTO), tributyltin acetate (TBTOAc) and tributyltin chloride (TBTCI) were mixed with various media. These media included distilled water, seawater, aerobic and anaerobic sediments. The Mossbauer spectra of the chloroform extracts of the distilled water and seawater mixed with these compounds were examined. The componds were mixed with aerobic and anaerobic sediments, and the Mossbauer spectra of the sediments were also examined. TBTO was converted to the hydroxide compound in all media except in anaerobic sediment where it was converted to an unidentified compound. TBTOAc and TBTCI were not changed by mixing with distilled water and aerobic sediment but were converted to the hydroxide compound in seawater and in anaerobic sediment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The speciation of several tributyltin (TBT) compounds used in marine antifouling paints was studied by tin Mössbauer spectroscopy in both spiked anoxic and oxic estuarine sediments. These compounds included TBT acetate, chloride, fluoride, and oxide. To assist in the determination of the products, possible speciation products were also examined: TBT carbonate, sulfate, and sulfide. The study indicated that TBTF remains in its polymeric form after interaction with both types of sediments. TBT sulfate is unaltered in the spiked sediments. The data reported in this paper support the hypothesis that the speciation of the other TBT compounds examined in spiked sediments depends upon the nature of the sediment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Triphenyltin compounds have been found to inhibit the growth ofCeratocystis ulmi, the fungal agent of Dutch elm disease. To determine where the tin compounds interacted with the fungus cell, tin Mössbauer spectra of the treated cells, cell walls, and cellular organelles were measured at 80K. The compounds examined included triphenyltin bromide, chloride, hydroxide, and iodide. The spectra of the whole cells were different from the spectra of the solid tin compounds and exhibited two major lines whose parameters were the same for all cells. This suggests that the tin compounds were bound to the cell as the triphenyltin cation. The same spectrum appears with cell-wall fraction, and a weak signal is present in the spectrum of treated cellular fractions. These results suggest that the tin compounds are bound to the cell walls.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Schlagwort(e): fungicidal activity ; Ceratocystis ulmi ; triphenyltin(IV) ; tributyltin(IV) ; phenolic bridge ; carboxylate bridge ; polymers ; trigonal bipyramidal structures ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The methods of synthesis, elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopic data and fungicidal activity against Ceratocystis ulmi are reported for a series of triorganotin esters of N-arylidene-ω-amino acids of general formula R3SnOCO(CH2)nN = CHAr (R = Ph, n-Bu; Ar = 2-HOC6H4, 2-HOC10H6; n = 1, 2, 3 and 5). The crystal structures for two of the compounds, tributyltin N-2-hydroxynaphthalidene glycinate (1) and tributyltin N-2-hydroxynaphthalidene-β-alaninate (2), have been determined. Although both of these compounds have a trans-R3SnO2 structure, in compound 1 the carboxylate group is monodentate and the fifth coordination position around the tin atom is taken up by a coordinated phenolic group, whereas in 2 the carboxylate group is bridging. These two examples thus correspond to the two different structures reported for trans-R3SnO2 complexes. Both compounds were found to be active against Ceratocystis ulmi, but there was no significant difference in their levels of biological activity against this particular fungus. Apart from compound 1, the other tributyltin compounds reported are believed to adopt the carboxylate bridging mode shown by compound (2).Crystal data: for 1, crystals monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 12.9435(11) Å, b = 13.5769(10) Å, c = 15.7715(12) Å, β = 108.919(6)°, Z = 4, Rf = 0.046 and Rw = 0.058 for 1448 significant reflections; for 2, crystals monoclinic, space group C 2/c,a = 24.588(14) Å, b = 9.733(3) Å, c = 27.611(12) Å,β = 113.49(4)°, Z = 8, Rf = 0.053 and Rw = 0.069 for 3822 significant reflections. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 6 (1992), S. 273-278 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Schlagwort(e): Triphenyltin compounds ; sediments ; Mössbauer spectroscopy ; speciation ; triphenyltin hydroxide ; triphenyltin acetate ; triphenyltin chloride ; triphenyltin fluoride ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The speciation of several triphenyltin compounds, i.e. triphenyltin hydroxide, acetate, chloride and fluoride, was studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy in both anaerobic and aerobic estuarine sediments. The results indicated that triphenyltin hydroxide and acetate were converted to the triphenyltin cation, the species that interacts with the sediments. However, both triphenyltin fluoride and chloride remained in their molecular form in their interaction with the sediments.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 7 (1993), S. 437-441 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Schlagwort(e): Triorganotin ; triphenyltin ; tributyltin ; sediments ; Mössbauer spectroscopy ; speciation ; benthos ; Chesapeake Bay ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Triorganotin compounds can interact with various segments of natural water systems. In sediments, for example, these compounds can undergo speciation, and can also become injurious to benthos. The interaction of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) compounds with sediments have been studied using extraction techniques in addition to directly observing these compounds in sediments using Mössbauer spectroscopy. The effect of these compounds on benthos has also been examined. The results of these studies are reviewed with particular regard to studies on sediments from the Chesapeake Bay, USA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Schlagwort(e): Organotin ; fungicidal ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The new triorganotin complexes formulated as Me2HNCH2COO · Ph3SnX, X = Cl, NCS were prepared and spectroscopically characterized, and their fungicidal properties against Ceratocystis ulmi were determined. An X-ray structure for [dimethyl(carboxylatomethyl)ammonium] chlorotriphenylstannate is also reported.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Schlagwort(e): Adducts ; C. ulmi ; thiazolidin-4-ones ; Dutch elm disease ; IR spectroscopy ; Mössbauer spectroscopy ; toxicity ; triphenyltin Chloride ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Several 1:1 addition compounds between triphenyltin chloride and 2,3-disubstituted thiazolidin-4-one ligands have been synthesized. Their molecular structure has been deduced using far IR and Mössbauer spectroscopies. In addition, molecular modeling of several of the complexes was used to explain the variation of the quadrupole splitting values in the Mössbauer spectra. The structures of the complexes were determined to be trigonal-bipyramidal with the three phenyl groups in the equatorial plane. However, the phenyl groups are not co-planar, on the basis of the observation of both the Sn-C (phenyl) symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations. The adducts were screened against the fungus Ceratocystis ulmi, the agent responsible for Dutch elm disease, and found to be effective in the inhibition of this fungus. The toxicity of the adducts varied with the hydrophobicity of the molecule. A direct correlation between substitution on the phenyl group on the thiazolidine ring and the toxicity of the compound was not observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 25-30 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Schlagwort(e): adduct ; carboxylate ; Ceratocystis ulmi ; Dutch elm disease ; far-infrared spectroscopy ; fungicide ; Mossbauer spectroscopy ; organotins ; QSAR ; thiazolidin-4-ones ; triphenyltin ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: In the interest of developing a more effective fungicide to combat Dutch elm disease, our laboratories have synthesized several triphenyltin carboxylates and some 1:1 addition compounds of triphenyltin chloride using 2,3-disubstituted thiazolidin-4-ones as the ligand and screened them in vitro against Ceratocystis ulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease, using a shake culture method. Elemental analyses and spectroscopic data indicate that the structures of the carboxy- lates in the solid state are monomeric with a tetrahedral tin atom with the exception of the furan-2-carboxylic acid derivative, which was found to be polymeric. The triphenyltin chloride adducts are trigonal-bipyramidal with the three phenyl groups in the equatorial plane. Far-infrared data indicate that the three phenyl groups are not co-planar. Screening results for both series of organotins indicate that these two classes of compounds are effective inhibitors of Ceratocystis ulmi, with the adducts having a higher activity. The furan-2-carboxylic acid derivative has a markedly decreased activity compared with the other carboxylates and this is attributed to its polymeric structure. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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