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  • 2005-2009  (37)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AB 5 subtilase cytotoxin inactivates the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 443 (2006), S. 548-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] AB5 toxins are produced by pathogenic bacteria and consist of enzymatic A subunits that corrupt essential eukaryotic cell functions, and pentameric B subunits that mediate uptake into the target cell. AB5 toxins include the Shiga, cholera and pertussis toxins and a recently ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05124
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene expression in the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis: Analysis of an expressed sequence tag (EST) library and development of an oligonucleotide microarray (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Karenia brevis (Davis) is a unicellular dinoflagellate responsible for nearly annual “red tides” in the Gulf of Mexico. Insight into the molecular mechanisms that control growth, toxicity, and adaptive mechanisms in K. brevis is critical to understanding the formation and persistence of these toxic blooms. However, little information is available on the molecular biology K. brevis. Therefore, we constructed a cDNA library from which to gain insight into its expressed genome and to develop tools for studying gene expression. Large-scale sequencing of 9728 clones yielded 7001 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for further analysis. The highest expressed gene accounts for only 1% of the total ESTs. Approximately 29% of ESTs were found to have homology to known sequences in other organisms after BLASTx similarity comparisons to the Genbank nonredundant database (p〈10−4). Using a minimum identity of 95% within a 50-bp region of overlap, the 7001 ESTs were assembled into 5054 contigs. Of the 5054 contigs, 4399 contained only a single sequence. Of those containing 〉2 ESTs, approximately 40% displayed single nucleotide polymorphisms, suggesting the presence of multiple gene copies in this haploid organism. Gene-specific 60-mer oligonucleotides were then designed for each of the 5054 contigs using a Parcel clustering package, version 2.2.8 (Agilent). The resulting oligonucleotides and controls were printed on glass slides to yield an 8000 feature array using inkjet printing technology (Agilent). The 8000 features included 5054 unique features and 2946 secondary probes. Validation experiments to assess system noise, reproducibility, log ratio accuracy, and differential gene expression are underway using Agilent Feature Extraction tools and Rosetta Luminator Gene Expression Analysis software.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.05202003_1_49.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allosteric modulation of adenosine A1 receptor coupling to G-proteins in brain (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 93 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 2-Amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo(β)thiophen-3-yl 4-chlorophenylmethanone (T62) is a member of a group of allosteric modulators of adenosine A1 receptors tested in animal models of neuropathic pain to increase the efficacy of adenosine. To determine its mechanisms at the level of receptor-G-protein activation, the present studies examined the effect of T62 on A1-stimulated [35S]guanosine-5′-O-(γ-thio)-triphosphate ([35S]GTPγS) binding in brain membranes, and by [35S]GTPγS autoradiography using the A1 agonist, phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA), to activate G-proteins. In hippocampal membranes, T62 increased both basal and PIA-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding. The effect of T62 was non-competitive in nature, since it increased the maximal effect of PIA, with no effect on agonist potency. GTPγS saturation analysis showed that T62 increased the number of G-proteins activated by agonist but had no effect on the affinity of activated G-proteins for GTPγS. [35S]GTPγS autoradiography showed that the neuroanatomical localization of T62-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding was identical to that of PIA-stimulated activity. The increase in PIA-stimulated activity by T62 varied between brain regions, with areas of lower A1 activation producing the largest percent modulation by T62. These results suggest a mechanism of allosteric modulators to increase the number of activated G-proteins per receptor, and provide a neuroanatomical basis for understanding potential therapeutic effects of such drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03044.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Linolenic acid does not contribute appreciably to docosahexaenoic acid within brain phospholipids of adult rats fed a diet enriched in docosahexaenoic acid (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 94 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Adult male unanesthetized rats, reared on a diet enriched in both α-linolenic acid (α-LNA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were infused intravenously for 5 min with [1-14C]α-LNA. Timed arterial samples were collected until the animals were killed at 5 min and the brain was removed after microwaving. Plasma and brain lipid concentrations and radioactivities were measured. Within plasma lipids, 〉 99% of radioactivity was in the form of unchanged [1-14C]α-LNA. Eighty-six per cent of brain radioactivity at 5 min was present as β-oxidation products, whereas the remainder was mainly in ‘stable’ phospholipid or triglyceride as α-LNA or DHA. Equations derived from kinetic modeling demonstrated that unesterified unlabeled α-LNA rapidly enters brain from plasma, but that its incorporation into brain phospholipid and triglyceride, as in the form of synthesized DHA, is ≤ 0.2% of the amount that enters the brain. Thus, in rats fed a diet containing large amounts of both α-LNA and DHA, the α-LNA that enters brain from plasma largely undergoes β-oxidation, and is not an appreciable source of DHA within brain phospholipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03258.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motives and Communibiology's Texts: Whose Motives+ (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Communication theory 15 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2885
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Psychology
    Notes: The motive analysis included in Nelson's (2004) textual critique of the writings regarding communibiology is examined and found erroneous. It is suggested that the claim that traditional genre theories are contradicted by this analysis is not justified. The motives for communibiological texts alleged by Nelson are seen as preempted by the (conscious or nonconscious) motives of the critic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00345.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa fimL regulates multiple virulence functions by intersecting with Vfr-modulated pathways (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 55 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves the co-ordinate expression of a range of factors including type IV pili (tfp), the type III secretion system (TTSS) and quorum sensing. Tfp are required for twitching motility, efficient biofilm formation, and for adhesion and type III secretion (TTS)-mediated damage to mammalian cells. We describe a novel gene (fimL) that is required for tfp biogenesis and function, for TTS and for normal biofilm development in P. aeruginosa. The predicted product of fimL is homologous to the N-terminal domain of ChpA, except that its putative histidine and threonine phosphotransfer sites have been replaced with glutamine. fimL mutants resemble vfr mutants in many aspects including increased autolysis, reduced levels of surface-assembled tfp and diminished production of type III secreted effectors. Expression of vfr in trans can complement fimL mutants. vfr transcription and production is reduced in fimL mutants whereas cAMP levels are unaffected. Deletion and insertion mutants of fimL frequently revert to wild-type phenotypes suggesting that an extragenic suppressor mutation is able to overcome the loss of fimL. vfr transcription and production, as well as cAMP levels, are elevated in these revertants, while Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) production is reduced. These results suggest that the site(s) of spontaneous mutation is in a gene(s) which lies upstream of vfr transcription, cAMP, production, and PQS synthesis. Our studies indicate that Vfr and FimL are components of intersecting pathways that control twitching motility, TTSS and autolysis in P. aeruginosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04479.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Mycobacterium tuberculosis iniA gene is essential for activity of an efflux pump that confers drug tolerance to both isoniazid and ethambutol (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 55 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Little is known about the intracellular events that occur following the initial inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the first-line antituberculosis drugs isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol (EMB). Understanding these pathways should provide significant insights into the adaptive strategies M. tuberculosis undertakes to survive antibiotics. We have discovered that the M. tuberculosis iniA gene (Rv 0342) participates in the development of tolerance to both INH and EMB. This gene is strongly induced along with iniB and iniC (Rv 0341 and Rv 0343) by treatment of Mycobacterium bovis BCG or M. tuberculosis with INH or EMB. BCG strains overexpressing M. tuberculosis iniA grew and survived longer than control strains upon exposure to inhibitory concentrations of either INH or EMB. An M. tuberculosis strain containing an iniA deletion showed increased susceptibility to INH. Additional studies showed that overexpression of M. tuberculosis iniA in BCG conferred resistance to ethidium bromide, and the deletion of iniA in M. tuberculosis resulted in increased accumulation of intracellular ethidium bromide. The pump inhibitor reserpine reversed both tolerance to INH and resistance to ethidium bromide in BCG. These results suggest that iniA functions through an MDR-pump like mechanism, although IniA does not appear to directly transport INH from the cell. Analysis of two-dimensional crystals of the IniA protein revealed that this predicted transmembrane protein forms multimeric structures containing a central pore, providing further evidence that iniA is a pump component. Our studies elucidate a potentially unique adaptive pathway in mycobacteria. Drugs designed to inhibit the iniA gene product may shorten the time required to treat tuberculosis and may help prevent the clinical emergence of drug resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04510.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-package Pasteurization Combined with Biocide-impregnated Films to Inhibit Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium in Turkey Bologna (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 70 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The inhibitory effects of in-package pasteurization (3–5D, decimal reduction times) combined with a nisin (7%, w/w) containing wheat gluten film were tested over an 8-wk storage period against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium populations inoculated on refrigerated bologna. Bologna slices subjected to the in-package pasteurization process reducedL. monocytogenes populations 3.8- to 7.0-log colony-forming units (CFU)/g, and the remaining population fluctuated between 1.2- and 38-log CFU/g over the 2-mo storage period. S. Typhimurium was reduced 5.7- to 7.3-log CFU/g, and the remaining population progressively declined from 100 to 〈10 CFU/g over 2 mo of storage. The wheat gluten film containing nisin was effective in reducing the population of L. monocytogenes (2.75-log reduction with pasteurization; 1-log reduction without pasteurization), but was not effective against S. Typhimurium (〈1-log reduction). Combining both treatments significantly reduced the L. monocytogenes populations and prevented outgrowth over the 2-mo storage period but provided no added inhibitory effect against S. Typhimurium compared with only pasteurization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09046.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer of a point mutation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis   inhA resolves the target of isoniazid (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 12 (2006), S. 1027-1029 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Isoniazid is one of the most effective antituberculosis drugs, yet its precise mechanism of action is still controversial. Using specialized linkage transduction, a single point mutation allele (S94A) within the putative target gene inhA was transferred in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The inhA(S94A) ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1466
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton NMR analysis of plasma is a weak predictor of coronary artery disease (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 12 (2006), S. 705-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Multivariate analysis of 1H-NMR spectra of blood sera was reported previously to predict angiographically defined advanced coronary artery disease (CAD) with 〉90% accuracy and specificity. The analysis depended mainly on the major lipid regions of the spectra, but many variables, including ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1432
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