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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 1445-1455 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A theoretical study of the Cr3+ hydration in aqueous solutions has been carried out by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Ion–water intermolecular interaction potentials are based on first principles using the idea of the previously developed hydrated ion–water interaction potential: The bare ion, Mn+, is replaced by its corresponding hydrate, [M(H2O)6]n+, and the water molecules interact with the hydrate by means of an ab initio [M(H2O)6]n+–H2O interaction potential. A new ab initio interaction potential has been developed to describe the Mn+–(H2O)first-shell interaction based on an examination of the hexahydrate potential-energy surface section that distorts the position of one of the cluster water molecules, the remaining five fixed at their equilibrium position. These two complementary interaction potentials, which describe ion–water interactions have been combined with the TIP4P model for water molecules. Structural and dynamical results derived from the analysis of 1 ns of simulation for a sample formed by [Cr(H2O)6]3+ and 512 H2O are presented. Rigidity effects of the cluster are examined by comparing the present results with those previously obtained with a model of rigid hexahydrate [J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 3272 (1998)]. A new definition of hydrated ion based on the rotational properties of its hydrate is supported. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 2339-2347 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A strategy to build interaction potentials for describing ionic hydration of highly charged monoatomic cations by computer simulations, including the polarizable character of the solvent, is proposed. The method is based on the hydrated ion concept that has been previously tested for the case of Cr3+ aqueous solutions [J. Phys. Chem. 100, 11748 (1996)]. In the present work, the interaction potential of [Cr(H2O6)]3+ with water has been adapted to a water model that accounts for the polarizable character of the solvent by means of a mobile charge harmonic oscillator representation (MCHO model) [J. Chem. Phys. 93, 6448 (1990)]. Monte Carlo simulations of the Cr3+ hexahydrate plus 512 water molecules have been performed to study the energetics and structure of the ionic solution. The results show a significant improvement in the estimate of the hydration enthalpy [ΔHhydr(Cr3+)=−1109.6±70 kcal/mol] that now matches the experimental value within the uncertainty of this magnitude. The use of the polarizable water model lowers by ∼140 kcal/mol the statistical estimation of the [Cr(H2O6)]3+ hydration enthalpy compared to the nonpolarizable model. (−573 kcal/mol for the polarizable model vs −714 kcal/mol for the nonpolarizable one.) This improvement reflects a more accurate treatment of the many-body nonadditive effects. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 1669-1676 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The simplest representation of monoatomic cations in aqueous solutions by means of a sphere with a radius chosen on the basis of a well-defined property (that of the bare ion or its hydrate) is reexamined considering classical molecular dynamics simulations. Two charged sphere–water interaction potentials were employed to mimic the bare and hydrated cation in a sample of 512 water molecules. Short-range interactions of trivalent cations were described by Lennard-Jones potentials which were fitted from ab initio calculations. Five statistically independent runs of 150 ps for each of the trivalent spheres in water were carried out in the microcanonical ensemble. A comparison of structural and dynamical properties of these simple ion models in solution with those of a system containing the Cr3+ hydrate ([Cr(H2O)6]3+) is made to get insight into the size and shape definition of simple ions in water, especially those that are highly charged. Advantages and shortcomings of using simple spherical approaches are discussed on the basis of reference calculations performed with a more rigorous hydrated ion model [J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 3272 (1998)]. The importance of nonspherical shape for the hydrate of highly charged ions is stressed and it is paradoxically shown that when spherical shape is retained, the big sphere representing the hydrate leads to results of ionic solution worse than those obtained with the small sphere. A low-cost method to generate hydrated ion–water interaction potentials taking into account the shape of the ionic aggregate is proposed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 108 (1998), S. 1752-1753 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 32 (1993), S. 12906-12921 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 30 (1991), S. 2263-2275 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 2153-2154 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: The design of two small, compact and portable cells for EXAFS measurements of liquids is presented. One of the cells has been optimized for transmission measurements and the other for fluorescence. The sample chamber of both cells has been designed metal free to avoid corrosion by acids or bases. Materials and construction of the cell are such that their cost is quite low. The cells have been tested by recording EXAFS spectra of ionic aqueous solutions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 5460-5470 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Ca2+ aqueous solutions containing different proportions of ammonia have been studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Previously developed ab initio effective pair potentials, in the framework of the polarizable continuum model, and only tested at a cluster computation level, have been employed to describe ion–ligand interactions. Structural and dynamic changes present in the neighborhood of the ion as a function of the ammonia concentration have been followed. Results show a preferential solvation for ammonia, even at very low concentrations. For the pure aqueous solution, calcium ion is coordinated by eight water molecules, while the presence of ammonia favors an equilibrium between an octa and enna-coordinated situation when this ligand becomes predominant, confirming the prediction of cluster calculations. However, the increase in the coordination number is followed by an intrinsic loss of stability for the identifiable solvated structures because of the larger tendency of ammonia to participate in solvent exchange phenomena. Solvent exchange events show, for the most simple case (water–water exchange), a marked mechanistic variety. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 5448-5459 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The use of the polarizable continuum model to develop ab initio effective pair potentials is extended to multicomponent solutions. The methodology takes into account nonadditivity effects on pair interactions computing wave functions perturbed by the solvent. Ca2+–water and Ca2+–ammonia potentials suitable for aqueous ammonia solutions are presented. These effective ab initio pair potentials present smaller binding energies with respect to strictly ab initio two-body potentials. The reduction is higher in Ca2+–ammonia (28%) than in Ca2+–water (22%) and brings to a small gap the difference between the binding energies of the two ligands with Ca2+ when solvent effects are considered. As a first test, metal-ligand clusters of different size and composition have been studied. The comparison with restricted Hartree–Fock ab initio calculations shows good agreement for the largest clusters considered. Results confirm that the presented methodology, based on the polarizable continuum model, describes in a proper way the interactions in the condensed phase, where the ion completes its coordination sphere. The cluster results also show that ammonia can displace water in the first ion coordination with a tendency to change the coordination number from 8 to 9 when the ion is fully surrounded by the former, the ninth ammonia molecule being positioned in an intermediate situation between the first and the second coordination shells. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 2566-2575 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The photodissociation dynamics of the NeBr2 complex in the B electronic state is studied, for the first time, near the Br2(B) dissociation limit, below and above, when the complex is promoted from the ground T-shaped level in the X electronic state. A time-dependent treatment is used in which the initial wave packet is divided in two portions, one describing the slow predissociation dynamics below the Br2 dissociation threshold, and the second one, the fast complete dissociation in Ne+Br+Br fragments. Below that threshold, the absorption spectrum shows an increasing congestion as the vibrational energy content of Br2 increases, but narrow peaks appear again for the highest energy region of the spectrum. These peaks correspond to long lived resonances associated with "horseshoe" type states, as demonstrated by two-dimensional calculations. These resonances have a significant probability density for the linear geometry in which the Ne atom is inserted between the two bromine atoms. At this configuration the exchange of vibrational energy is rather inefficient which explains both why the spectrum is so sparse and resonances are so narrow. Above the Br2 dissociation threshold, the recombination of Br2 is found to be very inefficient, except for very low kinetic energies. The small recombination probabilities are due to vibrational couplings and not to any collisional caging effect. Since the complex remains essentially T-shaped during dissociation, extensive two-dimensional calculations are performed for longer times to better determine final vibrational distributions at low kinetic energies. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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