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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Carbon Dioxide Warming and Coastline Flooding: Physical Factors and Climatic Impact (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Environment and Resources 5 (1980), S. 107-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1626
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.eg.05.110180.000543
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Highly ordered monocrystalline silver nanowire arrays (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3243-3247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Highly ordered silver nanowire arrays have been obtained by pulsed electrodeposition in self-ordered porous alumina templates. Homogeneous filling of all the pores of the alumina template is achieved. The interwire distance is about 110 nm corresponding to a density of silver nanowires of 61×109 in.−2 and the diameter can be varied between 30 and 70 nm. The silver wires are monocrystalline with some twin lamella defects and grow perpendicular to the 〈110〉 direction. The previously encountered difficulty to obtain 100% filling of the alumina pores is discussed in the framework of electrostatic instabilities taking into account the different potential contributions during electrodeposition. To obtain homogeneously filled pore membranes, a highly conductive metal containing electrolyte, a homogeneous aluminum oxide barrier layer, and pulsed electrodeposition are a prerequisite. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1435830
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Decomposition and nanocrystallization in reactively sputtered amorphous Ta–Si–N thin films (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 1986-1991 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The nanocrystallization process of reactively sputtered thin amorphous Ta–Si–N films is investigated by anomalous small angle x-ray scattering (ASAXS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Changes in the microstructure in Ta40Si14N46 films, density variations in the amorphous matrix, decomposition, formation, and growth of nanocrystals after vacuum anneals at different temperatures in the range between 800 and 1000 °C are observed and the results of the different techniques are compared. From a Fourier analysis of ASAXS intensities the nanostructure of the investigated ternary system is derived using a model of hard spheres according to Guinier and Fournet. ASAXS investigations indicate that the noncrystalline samples can be described by a monophase fit and the crystallized samples by a bimodal-phase fit, the latter results being consistent with XRD which identifies TaN and Ta5Si3 phases. Detailed analysis shows that TaN nanograins of approximately 2 nm size develop after a decomposition process. Larger grains of Ta5Si3 are observed in addition to the TaN grains if annealing is performed at temperatures higher than 950 °C. The aim of these investigations is to give a generally applicable explanation of the barrier failure mechanism for Ta–Si–N diffusion barriers, which is actually observed at temperatures below the crystallization temperature if the films are used in contact with Cu or Al. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1388173
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Decomposition and primary crystallization in undercooled Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 melts (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1544-1546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 bulk metallic glasses were prepared by cooling the melt with a rate of about 10 K/s and investigated with respect to their chemical and structural homogeneity by atom probe field ion microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The measurements on these slowly cooled samples reveal that the alloy exhibits phase separation in the undercooled liquid state. Significant composition fluctuations are found in the Be and Zr concentration but not in the Ti, Cu, and Ni concentration. The decomposed microstructure is compared with the microstructure obtained upon primary crystallization, suggesting that the nucleation during primary crystallization of this bulk glass former is triggered by the preceding diffusion controlled decomposition in the undercooled liquid state. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114487
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electron beam chemistry in solid films of poly(vinyl alcohol): exposures under vacuum and under nitrogen at atmospheric pressure; irradiation monitored using infrared spectroscopy (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 94 (1990), S. 3166-3179 
    Details
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100370a077
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nanocrystallization of amorphous-Ta40Si14N46 diffusion barrier thin films (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3618-3620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The nanocrystallization process in thin amorphous-Ta40Si14N46 films, annealed in the range between 800 and 1000 °C for 1 h, is investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field and energy-dispersive x-ray analyses. At 800 °C clusters of about 2 nm in size indicate that compositional inhomogeneities have developed while the film has still remained structurally amorphous. The sample annealed at 900 °C contains a high density of nanograins of TaN measuring about 2 nm as well as amorphous structures measuring 75–100 nm having a high tantalum content. After annealing at 1000 °C, an almost entirely crystalline structure is observed with 4-nm-sized particles of cubic TaN and 15-nm-sized grains of Ta5Si3. Possible mechanisms driving these structural changes are discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1377626
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Defect-enhanced solid-state amorphization in Zr100−xAlx/Ni thin-film diffusion couples (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 1825-1827 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The interdiffusion reaction between supersaturated nanocrystalline Zr100−xAlx and crystalline Ni films leads to the formation of a planar amorphous Zr–Al–Ni interlayer. This solid-state amorphization reaction has been investigated by in situ measurement of electrical conductance and by transmission electron microscopy. With increasing defect density in the Zr100−xAlx layers, the diffusivity of Ni in the amorphous interlayer increases and the activation energy decreases. These results are discussed with respect to Stephenson's analysis of interdiffusion and stress formation in systems with components of differing mobilities. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126178
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microstructure-controlled magnetic properties of the bulk glass-forming alloy Nd60Fe30Al10 (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 1749-1751 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We report a combination of analytical transmission electron microscopy, small angle neutron scattering, and studies of magnetic properties of the glass-forming alloy Nd60Fe30Al10. These investigations show the existence of an in situ formed finely dispersed nanocrystalline Nd-rich phase embedded in a Fe-rich glassy matrix of a bulk sample. The crystalline phase forms an extended network over the whole sample but its volume fraction is small compared to that of compact phase. Small angle neutron scattering data exhibit power law behavior with an exponent of −2.5 indicating the formation of a mass fractal. The microstructure observed may be related to phase separation in the undercooled liquid which induces a microstructure that can explain the hard magnetic behavior of such an intrinsic composite. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1458070
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrafast carrier dynamics and dephasing in InAs quantum-dot amplifiers emitting near 1.3-μm-wavelength at room temperature (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 2633-2635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The carrier dynamics in an electrically pumped InAs quantum-dot amplifier emitting near 1.3-μm-wavelength at room temperature is measured with femtosecond time resolution performing a pump–probe and a four-wave mixing experiment resonant to the dot ground–state transition. In contrast to the dynamics of the absorption bleaching over hundreds of picoseconds, an ultrafast gain recovery is measured, promising for high-speed applications of strongly confined InAs dots. Moreover, a dephasing time of 220 fs is measured in the absorption and of 150 fs in the gain case. This latter value is more than three times longer than our previous finding on less-confined quantum dots [P. Borri et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1380 (2000)] indicating that the strong confinement can indeed lower the homogeneous broadening under electrical injection. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1411986
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Small atom diffusion and breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relation in the supercooled liquid state of the Zr46.7Ti8.3Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 alloy (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2492-2494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Be diffusivity data in the bulk metallic glass forming alloy Zr46.7Ti8.3Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 are reported for temperatures between 530 and 710 K, extending 85 K into the supercooled liquid state of the alloy. At the glass transition temperature Tg, a change in temperature dependence of the data is observed, and above Tg the diffusivity increases more quickly with temperature than below. The data in the supercooled liquid can be described by a modified Arrhenius expression based on a diffusion mechanism suggested earlier. The comparison with viscosity data in the supercooled liquid state of Zr46.7Ti8.3Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 reveals a breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relation, indicating a cooperative diffusion mechanism in the supercooled liquid state of Zr46.7Ti8.3Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117716
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