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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DECISION-MAKING IN CONDITIONS OF EXTREME UNCERTAINTY (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 14 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In the last few years management has been forced to take decisions in conditions of extreme uncertainty. One consequence of this has been an increase in the use of formal methods of analysis in major decision problems. This paper describes some observations on how companies were handling decision-making under uncertainty, made during a S.S.R.C. sponsored research project on the influence of computer methods in planning and decision-making, viz.〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1 Managers were consciously handling uncertainty by evaluating their major decisions in the light of several possible alternative forecasts.2 Statistical decision theory was not used because, though in theory it was ideally suited for this situation, in practice management had the following objections to the use of this technique: (a) It assumed an accuracy of subjective probability estimates which was unrealistic in real life. (b) It required the use of artificial criteria of choice which were totally unacceptable to senior management. (c) It over-simplified the decision-making process.3 In the thirty-two companies visited, management was using a systems analysis approach to decision-making involving the use of decision trees to structure the decision. Thereafter, instead of carrying out a probalistic analysis, a full evaluation to determine the quantitative and qualitative results would be carried out for each feasible path though the tree. This would be followed by an iterative elimination process.4 Management were also endeavouring to cope with uncertainty by being more adaptive and flexible in their decision-making and are developing contingency or ‘fall-back’ strategies. Plans were not looked on as rigid blue-prints, but more as loosely linked frameworks of decision trees with the actual path through the decision tree dependent on future events.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1977.tb00359.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of copper on the latency of lysosomal hexosaminidase in the digestive cells of Mytilus edulis (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 68 (1982), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Mytilus edulis collected from Tomales Bay, California, USA, during mid-winter 1979 were exposed to increased concentrations of dissolved copper under controlled laboratory conditions. A dose-dependent reduction in the latency of lysosomal hexosaminidase activity in digestive cells was induced after a 30 d exposure to copper. The half-time of the hexosaminidase staining reaction in sections of digestive gland from control mussels was 15.5 min; for mussels exposed to 25, 50, and 75 μg Cu l-1 it was 11.8, 8.5 and 5.5 min, respectively. In addition, the dyecoupled reaction product was seen earlier in sections from individuals exposed to 50 and 75 μg Cu l-1 (after 30 s) and 25 μg Cu l-1 (1 min) than in sections from control individuals (2.5 min). Copper accumulations were demonstrated histochemically to have the same distribution as the hexosaminidase reaction product, indicating that copper is sequestered in lysosomes. Copper concentrations in digestive gland tissue, were related to the concentrations of copper in the water to which the mussels were exposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397598
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of organic chelators on the toxicity of copper to embryos of the pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 10 (1981), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of copper on the development ofCrassostrea gigas embryos were determined with a 48-hr static bioassay. In filtered, sterilized seawater from Bodega Bay, California, the LC100 was 20μg Cu/L, and the LC50 was 12μg Cu/L. Destruction of the naturally occurring dissolved organic material in the culture water by UV oxidation decreased embryo survival at 10μg Cu/L. The addition to seawater of five organic chelators (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium citrate, glycine, and oxalate at 1×10−6 M, and humic matter at 2 mg/L) increased embryo survival. EDTA and humic matter were the most effective chelators; EDTA significantly increased survival at 100μg Cu/L and humic matter did so at 40μg Cu/L. The ability of a chelator to increase survival was related to the stability constant of the copper-chelator complex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055625
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Surface localization of an endogenous lectin in rabbit bone marrow (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 17 (1985), S. 189-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A lectin, which may be involved in cell to cell adhesion during erythropoiesis in rabbit bone marrow, has been isolated and characterized. Several electron microscopical techniques have been used to investigate the cell surface distribution of this lectin in bone marrow utilizing colloidal gold conjugates of anti-lectin IgG or protein A. The lectin is present at the surface of erythroid cells at all stages of development but no lectin was detected on the surface of myeloid cells. The limitations and complementary nature of the techniques used are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01003218
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