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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synchrotron infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 4331-4336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The use of synchrotron radiation (SR) as a far- and mid-infrared source in the measurement of photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared spectra of solids is demonstrated for the first time in this work. Initial experiments were performed at beamline U10A at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory. For synchrotron photoacoustic spectroscopy to be feasible, it must yield results superior to those obtained with a conventional thermal (Globar®) source; accordingly, SR and Globar® photoacoustic spectra recorded under similar conditions were compared in detail. The intensities of SR far-infrared photoacoustic spectra were found to be consistently greater than the corresponding Globar® spectra. At shorter wavelengths, SR always underfills the effective aperture (or, alternately, sample size); SR is a superior source in a spectral region that is a function of this aperture. The high wave number limit of this region exhibits a power-law dependence on aperture size. This investigation also showed that the entire mid-infrared photoacoustic spectrum is more intense using SR and apertures smaller than approximately 0.5 mm. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1416107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A virtual instrument approach for automation of temperature programmed desorption (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 3707-3708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: LabVIEW provides a method to create a user friendly automated Virtual Instrument that can be programmed to perform simultaneous display and control functions from several different laboratory instruments. This note describes how LabVIEW was used to create a temperature programmed desorption virtual instrument to facilitate easy control of sample temperature and data collection and handling. The program is easy to use, fairly versatile for different types of catalysis samples, and the data collected can be imported into most spreadsheets. The program as written controls the temperature in a linear fashion with very little deviation from the user defined ramp. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149165
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A four-point surface conductivity probe suitable for in situ ultrahigh vacuum conductivity measurements (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1812-1813 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simple design for a four-point probe suitable for precision surface conductivity measurements is described. Our design makes use of small, commercially available spring contact probes which are mounted in a custom built MACOR ceramic probe head. The design is suitable for use in ultrahigh vacuum applications, and the custom-built parts can be fabricated in any machine shop. Very reproducible values were obtained using this probe for surface conductivity measurements on a MoS2(0001) model catalyst, a sputter deposited indium-tin oxide thin film and a doped silicon wafer. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147968
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inexpensive ultrahigh vacuum heatable/coolable xyz-rotary motion sample manipulator (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3048-3050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simple design for a heatable, coolable, rotatable sample manipulator, suitable for ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) applications, is described. Highlights of the design include using a combination power/thermocouple feedthrough for heating, cooling, and temperature measurement; and the use of primarily "off-the-shelf'' components available from most UHV components vendors. The described manipulator is capable of sample cooling to ∼100 K, sample heating to above 900 K, while maintaining 360° of rotary motion, ∼1 in. of x and y motion, and 2 in. of z motion. The apparatus can be assembled for approximately $5500 (all new parts) and uses about 3 3l of liquid N2 per day. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145527
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intense electron emission due to picosecond laser-produced plasmas in high gradient electric fields (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 888-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Picosecond laser pulses at a wavelength of 266 nm have been focused onto a solid metal cathode in coincidence with high gradient electric fields to produce high brightness electron beams. At power densities exceeding 109 W/cm2, a solid density plasma is formed and intense bursts of electrons are emitted from the target accompanied by macroscopic surface damage. An inferred ∼1 μC of integrated charge with an average current of ∼20 A is emitted from a radio-frequency cavity driven at electric field gradients of ∼80 MV/m. In another experiment, where a dc extraction field of ∼6 MV/m is used, we observed an electron charge of ∼0.17 μC. Both results are compared with the Schottky effect and the Fowler–Nordheim field emission. We found that this laser-induced intense electron emission shares many features with the explosive electron emission processes. No selective wavelength dependence is observed in the production of the intense electron emission in the dc extraction field. The integrated electrons give an apparent quantum efficiency of ∼1.2%, which is one of the highest reported to date from metal photocathodes at these photon energies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351763
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Raman-active O–H and O–D stretching vibrations and Raman spectra of gaseous formic acid-d1 and -OD (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 4779-4789 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In keeping with current theoretical activity concerning the OH and OD stretching bands of the carboxylic acids, we report the Raman spectra of gaseous formic acid-OD and formic acid-d1 for the first time. We emphasize the OH and OD stretching bands, which can be studied cleanly in these isotopomers but not in normal or perdeuterated formic acid. The spectra of the dimers and monomers below 2000 cm−1 are assigned, and current knowledge of the vibrations of the molecules is summarized. The Raman spectra allow the estimation of the energies of the Bu combination levels that may be in Fermi resonance with the infrared active Bu, OH or OD stretching fundamental, as well as those of the Ag overtone and combination levels that may interact with the Raman-active stretching fundamental. We conclude that the sharp features on the Raman OH and OD stretching bands are due to overtone and combination transitions, that the stretching modes cause the underlying broad scattering, namely three broad bands, centered at 2430, 2270, and 2080 cm−1 for (HCOOD)2 and at 3240, 3074, and 2880 cm−1 for (DCOOH)2. We further conclude that the higher and lower frequency broad bands are due to sum and difference transitions with the hydrogen bond modes, which lie between 60 and 240 cm−1. The infrared OD and OH stretching bands of (HCOOD)2 and (DCOOH)2 are consistent with this interpretation. The Raman OD stretching band of HCOOD ⋅ HCOOH coincides with that of (HCOOD)2 apart from the overtone and combination transitions. The centers of Raman intensity, corrected for instrument, wave number, and temperature dependencies, of the OD stretching bands of (HCOOD)2 and HCOOH ⋅ HCOOD are 2300 ±5 and 2305 ±10 cm−1, respectively, and that of the OH stretching band of (DCOOH)2 is 3035±10 cm−1. This data and the near coincidence of the infrared and Raman bands of (HCOOD)2 show that the vibrational coupling of the two OD bonds in the dimer is not unusually large. Comparison of the infrared and Raman OH stretching bands indicates a larger coupling between OH oscillators. These results agree with earlier result for acetic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451737
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of equilibrium constants for electron donor/acceptor complexes by resonance Raman spectroscopy (1977)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 81 (1977), S. 1489-1492 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100530a012
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of cylindrical n/p junction diodes by arsenic enhanced diffusion along interfacial misfit dislocations in p-type epitaxial Si/Si(Ge) (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 1410-1412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Arsenic enhanced diffusion along individual misfit dislocations in Si/Si(Ge) heterostructures has been detected and imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in the electron beam induced current (EBIC) mode. The formation of buried cylindrical, or conical, diodes surrounding misfit dislocations has been observed. The diffusion enhancement is not uniform for each dislocation. EBIC/SEM micrographs reveal a dark recombination contrast in the vicinity of the dislocation core and a white generation signal within the space-charge region of the surrounding n/p diode. Based on an experimental isoconcentration etching profile and a simple model for enhanced diffusion, the dislocation diffusion coefficient for arsenic is estimated to be up to six orders of magnitude higher than that in the host crystal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111899
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato: an international evaluation (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Ten institutions in nine countries joined together to test the stability of resistance of 14 potato genotypes to the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans in three separate trials. Seven of the genotypes were tested in one trial involving seven locations, and all 14 were tested in two subsequent trials, each involving eight locations. Stability of resistance was tested with nonparametric tests and with an additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. Overall, resistance to P. infestans was robust; resistant genotypes were consistently resistant in all locations and trials. The nonparametric analysis indicated that specific genotypes were basically stable across sites for resistance. In trial 3, the Z statistic for overall stability was significant at 0·05%, indicating a significant level of interaction across the trial, but there were no significant interactions for specific genotypes in this trial. The genotype by environment (G × E) effect of the AMMI model was highly significant in both trials, but the mean square of G × E was less than 10% of the genotype effect in each trial. The first two principal components (PCA1 and PCA2) of the AMMI analyses together explained 75 and 80% of the interaction effects in trials 2 and 3, respectively. Based on both nonparametric and AMMI analyses, Ecuador and Argentina were locations of relatively high interaction effects for both trials 2 and 3, although in Ecuador this interaction was not associated with any particular potato genotype. Other locations also had high interaction effects, but these occurred in only one trial. The genotypes Chata Blanca and, to a lesser extent, Torridon were relatively unstable in trials 2 and 3, but in the case of Torridon, resistant, this did not represent a significant loss of resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01187.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface reactions of acrolein and propionaldehyde on cuprous oxide(100): nonselective oxidation and enolate-mediated side reactions to C3 products (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 97 (1993), S. 3555-3564 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100116a020
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