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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of quasielastic light scattering of a ternary solution consisting of two homopolymers with arbitrary optical, hydrodynamic, and thermodynamic properties (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 3675-3683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The temporal dependence of the time correlation function detected by quasielastic light (QEL) scattering in solution consisting of two homopolymers with arbitrary hydrodynamic and thermodynamic properties is investigated. New results appropriate for the ternary polymer solution in various concentrations are obtained. These new results should facilitate the analysis of the QEL scattering data of a ternary solution in any concentrations. Information about tracer diffusion coefficients of the constitutive polymers and their excluded volume interaction parameter is shown to be obtainable from the QEL experiment of the ternary polymer solution. Applications to ternary polymer solutions with one polymer isorefractive with the solvent, solutions with two polymers differing only in molecular weight, and solutions with two polymers having arbitrary refractive index increments are discussed. Clarification in regard to the ternary solution under the zero average contrast (ZAC) condition is also made. It is shown that under the ZAC condition, the autocorrelation function of the composition fluctuation in general decays with two exponentials, even at 1:1 symmetric composition. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474723
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quasielastic light scattering study of ternary polymer solutions of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) in dioxane (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 3775-3781 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dynamic behavior of the mixture polystyrene (PS)–poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)–dioxane in the semidilute concentration regime has been investigated by quasielastic light scattering. Two types of PS–PMMA–dioxane solution have been studied: One at a fixed composition but with different total polymer concentrations, and the other at a fixed total polymer concentration but with different compositions. For each solution, two distinct modes have been observed in the autocorrelation function of the scattered light; their relaxation times and relative amplitudes are studied as functions of composition and total polymer concentration. The present method differ from the previous one by not requiring one polymer to be isorefractive with solvent. By using the experimental results and with the help of theory, the self-diffusion coefficients of PS and PMMA and the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter χF have been deduced. The χF values obtained in this work are in good agreement with that obtained by other methods. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473430
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of external electric field on semidilute polymer solutions probed by dynamic light scattering (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 2819-2823 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dynamic light scattering studies of polystyrene (PS) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) in 1,4-dioxane (DO) and in THF/DO mixed solvent, subject to an external dc field, have been carried out. In THF the rate constant for the decay of the intensity autocorrelation function (IACF) is found to increase with increasing the external applied electric field; in DO, the electric field is found to have only a negligible effect on the IACF; in the mixed solvent it exhibits an intermediate effect, depending on the THF content. A hydrodynamic theory is proposed to account for the observed electric field induced effect in THF. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473358
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of microstructure and magnetic properties of Co/Ti multilayer thin films (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 7301-7305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The microstructural and magnetic properties of amorphous Co/Ti multilayer films and their variation with temperature are investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and thermomagnetic measurements. Thermomagnetic curves showed two peaks at about 400 and 520 °C. The evolution of the structure monitored in the hot stage of the TEM was found to be consistent with the magnetic changes. The first peak of the saturation magnetization Ms at 400 °C was associated with the transformation from amorphous ferromagnetism to paramagnetism due to the amorphous Co existing in the film. Ms began to increase corresponding to the crystallization point of the ferromagnetic Co phase, which decreased with increasing amounts of Co in the film. Ms reached its maximum at 520 °C and then decreased because the phase transition occurred at a temperature greater than 520 °C and approached completion at 650 °C. The amorphous phase and crystalline phase formation and phase transition during annealing were observed in Co/Ti multilayer thin films and successfully explained the thermomagnetic properties of the film. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365328
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aging effect of Co/C soft x-ray multilayer mirrors (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 184-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of aging on Co/C multilayer x-ray mirrors is presented. One significant result is the enhancement of the reflectivity at grazing incidence with time for the Co/C multilayers with C-on-top stored in air or argon and Co-on-top stored in argon. This can be interpreted in terms of a Co–C phase-separation at Co–C interfaces due to the positive enthalpy of Co–C mixing. Results also show that oxidation of the surface of Co-on-top Co/C multilayers plays an important role in the decrease of reflectivity. The oxidation can be prevented by storing the multilayers in an oxygen-free atmosphere or by depositing amorphous carbon as the top layer. The reflectivity of tarnished multilayers can be restored by removing the oxides by wet chemical methods. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363839
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamic surface waves in concentrated polymer solutions in the presence of surface adsorption (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 5898-5906 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A theory of light scattering from the polymer solution/air interface that includes the effect of surface adsorption is developed. The polymer solution is assumed to exhibit a linear viscoelastic response. The surface laser light scattering (SLLS) spectrum is calculated from surface hydrodynamic equations appropriate for linear viscoelastic fluids using the method of initial value problems. Numerical calculations are made to investigate the effects of surface tension and dilational modulus on the SLLS spectrum. The results show that the SLLS spectrum from polymer solutions having a high surface tension solvent displays a two-peak structure. The high-frequency peak exhibits more capillary wave character, and diminishes rapidly with decreasing surface tension or increasing dilational modulus as a result of surface adsorption. The two-peak structure is, however, found to be much less pronounced in a solution with a low surface tension solvent. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474315
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of thin wall imaging in the diagnosis of laser heated hohlraums : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 838-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: High-Z, laser heated hohlraums can be made thick enough to contain thermal radiation, yet thin enough to let out x rays 〉∼6 keV produced by hot, relatively dense blow-off plasma. We use such "thin wall hohlraums" to observe the physical location of hot, dense, laser produced hohlraum plasmas. This technique has allowed us to come to some understanding of laser transport/deposition, plasma stagnation, and bulk plasma filling. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147703
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onset of natural convection in a sector-shaped box containing a fluid-saturated porous medium (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 9 (1997), S. 3570-3571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869465
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarization and dipole moments of Co-doped potassium sodium strontium barium niobate crystals (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 4465-4468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Single crystals of potassium sodium strontium barium niobate (KNSBN) and cobalt-modified KNSBN were prepared using the Czochralski technique. The ferroelectric hysteresis loops and the infrared reflectivity spectra were collected. Compared with the undoped KNSBN crystals, the cobalt-modified crystals have stable hysteresis loops, whose spontaneous polarization is about 0.17 C/m2 and coercive field strength is about 670 V/mm, but those of the undoped KNSBN crystals are about 0.04 C/m2 and 530 V/mm, respectively. The measured infrared reflectivities vary with the orientations of the dipole moments owing to the Co doping. The c axis becomes the most stable orientation of the dipole moments, and the polarization can be locked and does not recede when the cobalt-modified crystals are polarized into a single domain. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366178
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Period expansion of Co/C and CoN/CN soft x-ray multilayers after annealing (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 2270-2276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Period expansion of Co/C and CoN/CN soft x-ray multilayers has been investigated by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Below the anneal temperature of 400 °C, the period expansion (〈 12%) of Co/C multilayers is mainly caused by the graphitization of the amorphous carbon layers. By 500 °C, the crystallization and agglomeration of Co layers induce an enormous period expansion (∼40%). The period expansion of CoN/CN multilayers is only 4% at 400 °C, which is much smaller than that of Co/C multilayers. The interface patterns of the CoN/CN multilayers still exist even if they were annealed at 700 °C. The Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that the formation of the sp3 bonding can be suppressed effectively by doping N atoms, and thus the period expansion is decreased considerably at annealing temperatures below 600 °C. The significant suppression of grain growth above 600 °C is believed to be attributed to the coexistence of hcp and fcc Co structures induced by interstitial N atoms, which cause the high-temperature period expansion decrease. The results also imply that the structural stability of Co/C soft x-ray multilayers can be significantly improved through doping N atoms.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366033
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