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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The cortical topography of human swallowing musculature in health and disease (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 2 (1996), S. 1217-1224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Because no detailed information exists regarding the topographic representation of swallowing musculature on the human cerebral cortex in health or disease, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation to study the cortical topography of human oral, pharyngeal and esophageal musculature in 20 healthy ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1196-1217
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hybrid-hybrid matrix structural refinement of a DNA three-way junction from 3D NOESY-NOESY (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of biomolecular NMR 14 (1999), S. 209-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5001
    Schlagwort(e): MORASS ; NOESY-NOESY ; relaxation matrix analysis ; three-way junction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Homonuclear 3D NOESY-NOESY has shown great promise for the structural refinement of large biomolecules. A computationally efficient hybrid-hybrid relaxation matrix refinement methodology, using 3D NOESY-NOESY data, was used to refine the structure of a DNA three-way junction having two unpaired bases at the branch point of the junction. The NMR data and the relaxation matrix refinement confirm that the DNA three-way junction exists in a folded conformation with two of the helical stems stacked upon each other. The third unstacked stem extends away from the junction, forming an acute angle (∼60° ) with the stacked stems. The two unpaired bases are stacked upon each other and are exposed to the solvent. Helical parameters for the bases in all three strands show slight deviations from typical values expected for right-handed B-form DNA. Inter-nucleotide imino-imino NOEs between the bases at the branch point of the junction show that the junction region is well defined. The helical stems show mobility (± 20° ) indicating dynamic processes around the junction region. The unstacked helical stem adjacent to the unpaired bases shows greater mobility compared to the other two stems. The results from this study indicate that the 3D hybrid-hybrid matrix MORASS refinement methodology, by combining the spectral dispersion of 3D NOESY-NOESY and the computational efficiency of 2D refinement programs, provides an accurate and robust means for structure determination of large biomolecules. Our results also indicate that the 3D MORASS method gives higher quality structures compared to the 2D complete relaxation matrix refinement method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008330011425
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  • 3
    Buch
    Buch
    Shape and shape theory (1999)
    Chichester u.a. :Wiley,
    Details
    Titel: Shape and shape theory
    Autor: Kendall, David G.
    Beteiligte Person(en): Barden, D. , Carne, T. K. , Le, H.
    Verlag: Chichester u.a. :Wiley,
    Erscheinungsjahr: 1999
    Seiten: 306 S.
    Serie: Wiley series in probability and statistics
    Materialart: Buch
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    ZIB Katalog
    Zuse-Institut Berlin get availability status
  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of Three Nicotinic Receptor α4 mRNA Transcripts in Rat Brain: Selective Regulation by Nicotine Administration (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 66 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Northern blot analysis determined whether multiple α4 transcripts for neuronal nicotinic receptors in rat brain could be detected as distinct bands. When poly(A)+ RNA was isolated from brain regions and hybridized with a Hinfl fragment of α4-1 cDNA containing a sequence shared by both α4-1 and α4-2, but little homology with other α or β subunits, bands at 6.0, 4.6, and 2.6 kb were obtained. When a Taql fragment with selectivity for α4-1 was used, a single band was present at 6.0 kb. The 6.0-kb band was least abundant in all brain regions; the 2.6-kb band was most abundant in frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, basal forebrain, and thalamus, whereas the 4.6-kb band was most abundant in midbrain and cerebellum. Nicotine (3.6 µmol/kg, s.c., twice daily) increased the abundance of the 4.6-kb transcript in frontal cortex significantly by 28% following 2.5 days of injections; the 6.0- and 2.6-kb transcripts were unchanged. Nicotine did not affect α4 transcripts in other brain regions. Results suggest that increased mRNA levels may mediate the nicotine-induced up-regulation of receptors in cerebral cortex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66031326.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Protein Kinase C-Mediated Suppression of the Presynaptic Adenosine A1 Receptor by a Facilitatory Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 65 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: KCl-evoked glutamate exocytosis from cerebrocortical synaptosomes can be inhibited by the adenosine A1 receptor agonist cyclohexyladenosine (CHA). Inhibition is associated with a decreased KCl-evoked Ca2+ level elevation, and the effect of the agonist is occluded by prior incubation with the Agelenopsis aperta neurotoxin ω-agatoxin-IVA at 250 nM. The inhibition is suppressed in the presence of 3 nM phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) or by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC)-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor by 100 µM (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate [(1S,3R)ACPD]. A tonic inhibition of release by leaked exogenous adenosine can be reversed by adenosine deaminase or by PDBu addition. The CHA-induced inhibition can be enhanced by the PKC inhibitor Ro 31-8220. The mechanism for the suppression of the adenosine A1 receptor-mediated inhibition is distinct from that previously described for the (1S,3R)ACPD-evoked, PKC-mediated, facilitatory pathway, which enhances phosphorylation of the MARCKS protein, 4-aminopyridine-induced action potentials, and release of glutamate because the latter requires at least 100 nM PDBu [or the combination of (1S,3R)ACPD and arachidonic acid] and is not seen following KCl depolarization. Both PKC-mediated pathways may be involved in the presynaptic events associated with the establishment of synaptic plasticity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65020615.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Erratum: "Interactions, dynamics, and elasticity in charge-stabilized colloidal crystals" [J. Chem. Phys. 109, 8659 (1998)] (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 8845-8845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478946
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The NO(a 4Π) state: Spectroscopy of the a 4Πi–X 2Πr 11–0 and 14–0 bands (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 2249-2256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Improved spectroscopic measurements have been made on the NO(a 4Πi–X 2Πr) 11–0 band, and new measurements on the 14–0 band, bringing the explored region of the a 4Π state to within 0.3 eV of the NO dissociation limit. Doubling and mixing of dye laser radiation is used to access the 200–210 nm region with an ultraviolet linewidth of 0.15 cm−1. The a 4Π molecules collisionally convert their energy to the B 2Π state, from which radiation is detected. Almost 300 lines have been observed in each of the two bands, and accurate spectroscopic constants are presented. New information is provided on the relative positioning of perturbed levels in the a 4Π and B 2Π states. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474602
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mitochondria, Calcium Regulation, and Acute Glutamate Excitotoxicity in Cultured Cerebellar Granule Cells (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 67 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Exposure of cultured cerebellar granule cells to 100 µM glutamate plus glycine in the absence of Mg2+ causes calcium loading of the in situ mitochondria and is excitotoxic, as demonstrated by a collapse of the cellular ATP/ADP ratio, cytoplasmic Ca2+ deregulation (the failure of the cell to maintain a stable cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration), and extensive cell death. Glutamate-evoked Ca2+ deregulation is exacerbated by the mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor rotenone. Cells maintained by glycolytic ATP, i.e., in the presence of the mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin, remain viable for several hours but are still susceptible to glutamate; thus, disruption of mitochondrial ATP synthesis is not a necessary step in glutamate excitotoxicity. In contrast, the combination of rotenone (or antimycin A) plus oligomycin, which collapses the mitochondrial membrane potential, therefore preventing mitochondrial Ca2+ transport, allows glutamate-exposed cells to maintain a high ATP/ADP ratio while accumulating little 45Ca2+ and maintaining a low bulk cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration determined by fura-2. It is concluded that mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation is a necessary intermediate in glutamate excitotoxicity, whereas the decreased Ca2+ flux into cells with depolarized mitochondria may reflect a feedback inhibition of the NMDA receptor mediated by localized Ca2+ accumulation in a microdomain accessible to the mitochondria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67062282.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evidence for the Induction of Repetitive Action Potentials in Synaptosomes by K+-Channel Inhibitors: An Analysis of Plasma Membrane Ion Fluxes (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 67 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: The effects of four K+-channel inhibitors on synaptosomal free Ca2+ concentrations and 86Rb+ fluxes are analysed. 4-Aminopyridine, α-dendrotoxin, charybdotoxin, and tetraethylammonium all increase the free Ca2+ concentration, although their potencies differ widely. In each case, the elevation in free Ca2+ concentration is reversed by the subsequent addition of tetrodotoxin. The transient 86Rb+ efflux from preequilibrated synaptosomes induced with high concentrations of veratridine is partially inhibited by 4-aminopyridine and α-dendrotoxin. In contrast, when 4-aminopyridine or α-dendrotoxin is added to polarized synaptosomes, an enhanced86Rb+ flux is seen, both for uptake and for efflux with no change in the total 86Rb+/K+ content of the synaptosomes and with only a slight time-averaged plasma membrane depolarization (6.4 and 3.3 mV, respectively). The enhancements of flux by 4-aminopyridine or α-dendrotoxin are sensitive to ouabain and/or to tetrodotoxin. Furthermore, these flux changes show the same concentration dependencies as the blocked component of veratridine-stimulated 86Rb+ efflux, the elevation of free Ca2+ concentration, and the facilitation of glutamate exocytosis that are elicited by 4-aminopyridine or α-dendrotoxin. It is concluded that these findings support the proposal of spontaneous, repetitive firing of synaptosomes evoked by K+-channel inhibitors and that the enhanced 86Rb+ flux is a consequence of the activity of 4-aminopyridine- and α-dendrotoxin-insensitive K+ channels during these action potentials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67010389.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Primary Cells Derived from Nervous Tissue (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 66 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Cell culture techniques, high-resolution in vitro 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and chromatographic analyses were used to compare the properties of purified cell populations derived from the PNS and cortical neurones. Cell cultures were immunocytochemically characterised with specific antibodies to ensure purity of the individual cultures. Spectra of perchloric acid extracts of cultured Schwann cells, perineural fibroblasts, dorsal root ganglion neurones, and cortical neurones displayed several common features. However, statistically significant differences were found by 1H NMR spectroscopy in most metabolites among the cell types studied. In addition, cells could be distinguished by the presence or absence of certain amino acids. For example, N-acetylaspartate was present in dorsal root ganglion neurones and cortical neurones, γ-aminobutyric acid was present in large amounts in cortical neurones, and Schwann cell spectra displayed a large signal from glycine. These results extend our earlier findings that different cell types of the CNS exhibit highly characteristic metabolite profiles to now include the major cell types of the PNS. These latter cell types also exhibit characteristic metabolite compositions, such that even Schwann cells and oligodendrocyte type 2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cells—precursors of the myelinating cells of the CNS and PNS, respectively—can be readily distinguished from each other.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66031254.x
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