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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 57 (1985), S. 612-614 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 3477-3479 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), S. 1689-1701 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The ring-opening cationic polymerization of oxepane (3) was examined in bulk and in solution (1,2-dichloroethane). The initiators used were diethoxycarbenium hexachloroantimonate (2) and ethylhexamethyleneoxonium hexachloroantimonate (4). The preparation of 4 is described for the first time. Kinetic experiments showed that the polymerization of 3 is of SN2-type (analogous to tetrahydrofuran). The propagation rate constants kp were found to be 1,38·10-4dm3mol-1s-1 at 10°C and 4,38·10-4dm3mol-1s-1 at 20°C. The equilibrium monomer concentrations determined at 0 and 20°C were found to be 0,052 and 0,071 mol dm-3. Because of the occurence of termination reactions, these equilibrium monomer concentrations, however, were not achieved in all cases.As a possibility for a termination reaction a hydride-abstraction from the monomer is discussed in detail.
    Notes: Die ringöffnende kationische Polymerisation von Oxepan (3) wurde in Substanz und in Lösung (1,2-Dichloräthan) untersucht. Als Initiatoren wurden Diäthoxycarbenium-he-xachlorantimonat (2) und äthylhexamethylenoxonium-hexachlorantimonat (4) verwendet. 4 wurde erstmals dargestellt. Kinetische Untersuchungen zeigten, daß die Polymerisation von 3 (analog zu Tetrahydrofuran) nach einem SN2-Mechanismus abläuft. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten kp der Wachstumsreaktion ergaben sich zu 1,38·10-4dm3mol-1s-1 bei 10°C und zu 4,38·10-4dm3mol-1s-1 bei 20°C. Als Gleichgewichtsmonomerkonzentrationen für 0 und 20°C in 1,2-Dichloräthan wurden die Werte 0,052 und 0,071 mol dm-3 bestimmt. Diese Gleichgewichtsmonomerkonzentrationen wurden aber nicht in allen Fällen erreicht, da die Polymerisationen zum Teil stark durch Abbruchreaktionen gestört waren.Als Möglichkeit für eine Abbruchreaktion wird eine Hydrid-Abspaltung vom Monomeren ausführlich diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The course of the cationic initiation of the ring-opening polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF) with phosphorous pentafluoride (2) was investigated in the region above the ceiling temperature. In the reaction of 2 with THF and with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF), respectively, generation of hexafluorophosphate from the initially formed donoracceptor complex of the cyclic ether and 2 was substantiated qualitatively as well as quantitatively. This process corresponds to the induction step of the THF polymerization. As the reaction product of 2 with THF, a dication, 1,1′-tetramethylene-bis(tetrahydrofuranylium) bis(hexafluorophosphate). (6), was isolated, the structure of which was verified by functional group analysis, chemical reactions, 1H NMR and 31P NMR, respectively. POF3, which is formed simultaneously, was proved qualitatively. Postulated intermediate reaction products remain below the traceable limit. From the results bifunctional oxonium ions are discussed to be the active species of the polymerization of THF with 2, which initiate a bifunctional chain propagation.
    Notes: Es wurde der Ablauf der kationischen Initiierung der ringöffnenden Polymerisation von Tetrahydrofuran (THF) mit Phosphorpentafluorid (2) im Bereich oberhalb der Ceiling-Temperatur untersucht. Bei der Reaktion von 2 mit THF bzw. mit 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) wurde qualitativ und quantitativ die Bildung von Hexafluorophosphat aus dem zunächst spontan entstehenden Donor-Acceptor-Komplex zwischen Ringäther und 2 nachgewiesen, die dem Induktionsschritt der THF-Polymerisation entspricht. Als Reaktionsprodukt von 2 mit THF wurde ein Dikation, 1,1′-Tetramethylen-bis(tetrahydrofuranylium)-bis(hexafluorophosphat), (6), isoliert, dessen Struktur durch Gruppenanalyse, chemische Reaktionen, 1H-NMR und 31P-NMR sichergestellt wurde. Dabei entstehendes POF3 wurde qualitativ nachgewiesen. Postulierte Reaktionszwischenstufen blieben unter der analytischen Nachweisschwelle. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse werden bifunktionelle Oxoniumionen als aktive Spezies der Polymerisation von THF mit 2 diskutiert, die ein bifunktionelles Kettenwachstum auslösen.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 161 (1988), S. 195-204 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An automatic polymerization reactor has been developed for on-line measurement of conversion, viscosity, and molecular weight distribution of homogeneous free radical polymerization.For on-line measurements during polymerization a fraction of the reaction mixture is pumped as bypass through a densimeter and a viscometer. In time intervals of 15 min samples are taken, diluted semi-automatically, and then injected into a high performance gel permeation chromatography for determination of the molecular weight distribution of the polymers. A microcomputer collects these data, calculates the conversion of reaction and the output data for different control units.Methyl methacrylate is polymerized batch-wise in solution with ethyl acetate as solvent and dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate as initiator. Semi-batch polymerizations with constant reaction rate are performed by feeding initiator which is controlled by open-loop and closed-loop control.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die folgende Darstellung gibt eine Übersicht über neuere Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Ziegler-Katalysatoren und Polymerisationsverfahren. Dabei werden Eigenschaften und Anwendung von hochaktiven trägergebundenen Ziegler-Katalysatoren sowie von hochaktiven löslichen Ziegler-Katalysatoren behandelt. Ferner werden Probleme des Stofftransportes in heterogenen Polymerisationsprozessen erörtert und hierbei vor allem die Kinetik der Polymerisation sowie die Molmassenverteilung der Polyolefine. Abschließend werden neuere Ergebnisse zur Kinetik der Äthylen-Oligomerisation besprochen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Suspensionspolymerisation ; Teilchengröße ; Teilchengrößenverteilung ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 61 (1989), S. 213-220 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Polymerization engineering. Polyreactions are complex chemical reactions which are generally conducted in liquid phase. The characteristic feature of polyreactions is the pronounced increase in viscosity of the reactants during the reaction. The increase in viscosity influences numerous reaction and process parameters, such as the reaction kinetics, the transfer of mass, heat, and momentum, the degree of mixing of the reactants, and the residence time distribution of continuous reactors. Thus the increase in viscosity influences the performance, selectivity, and safety of the reactor. The choice of reactor for performing polyreactions can be based on various aspects. Of decisive importance are the performance and selectivity of the reactor. For the cases of simple and complex polyreactors, various kinds of reactors are compared with respect to their performance and selectivity, with the molar mass distribution of the resulting polymers serving as example of the selectivity of polyreactions. In the case of simple polymerizations, the molar mass distribution of the polymers depends unequivocally on the type of reactor and the various reactor types can be arranged in appropriate order. This is no longer the case for more complex polymerizations because the concentration conditions in the reactors play an increasingly important role.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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