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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Unitary characteristics of presumptive cholinergic tegmental neurons during the sleep-waking cycle in freely moving cats (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 519-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Pontine tegmentum ; Cholinergic neurons ; Single units ; Sleep-waking states ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A total of 260 neurons were recorded in the rostral pontine tegmentum of freely moving cats during the sleep-waking cycle. Of these, 207 neurons (80%) were located in the dorsal pontine tegmentum containing monoaminergic and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive, or cholinergic neurons. In addition to presumably monoaminergic PS-off cells (n = 51) showing a cessation of discharge during paradoxical sleep (PS) and presumably cholinergic PGO-on cells (n = 40) exhibiting a burst of discharge just prior to and during ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves, we observed tonic (n = 108) and phasic (n = 61) neurons exhibiting, respectively, tonic and phasic patterns of discharge during wakefulness and/or paradoxical sleep. Of 87 tonic cells histologically localized in the dorsal pontine tegmentum rich in cholinergic neurons, 46 cells (53%) were identified as giving rise to ascending projections either to the intralaminar thalamic complex (n = 26) or to the ventrolateral posterior hypothalamus (n = 13) or to both (n = 9). Two types of tonic neurons were distinguished: 1) tonic type I neurons (n = 28), showing a tonic pattern and high rates of discharge during both waking and paradoxical sleep as compaired with slow wave sleep; and 2) tonic type II neurons (n = 20), exhibiting a tonic pattern of discharge highly specific to the periods of paradoxical sleep. Tonic type I neurons were further divided into two subclasses on the basis of discharge rates during waking: a) rapid (Type I-R; n = 17); and b) slow (Type I-S; n = 11) units with a discharge frequency of more than 12 spikes/s or less than 5 spikes/s, respectively. Like monoaminergic PS-off and cholinergic PGO-on cells, both tonic type II and type I-S cells were characterized by a long spike duration (median: 3.3 and 3.5 ms), as well as by a slow conduction velocity (median: 1.8 and 1.7 m/s). In the light of these data, we discuss the possible cholinergic nature and functional significance of these ascending tonic neurons in the generation of neocortical electroencephalographic desynchronization occurring during waking and paradoxical sleep.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248908
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Responses of presumed cholinergic mesopontine tegmental neurons to carbachol microinjections in freely moving cats (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 83 (1990), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Unit recording ; Cholinergic neurons ; Carbachol ; Microinjection ; Autoinhibition ; Freely moving cats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effects of microinjections of a cholinergic agonist, carbachol (0.2 μg/0.2 μl), were examined on three different types of rostrally projecting tonic neurons that we have reported previously in the dorsal part of the pontomesencephalic tegmentum known to contain numerous cholinergic cell bodies: 1) tonic type I slow (Type I-S); 2) tonic type I rapid (Type I-R); and 3) tonic type II (Type II) (El Mansari et al. 1989). Microinjections of carbachol near unit recording sites in freely moving cats induced within a few minutes a complete suppression of the spontaneous activity and a marked reduction in orthodromic excitation of identified and non-identified type I-S neurons. These effect lasted for approximately 90–120 min and were reversed by local (0.4 μg/0.2 μl) or systemic (0.1–0.2mg/kg, i.m.) administration of atropine sulfate. In contrast, the cholinergic agonist had no consistent effects on tonic type II nor on tonic type I-R neurons. In the light of these and other recent findings, we suggested the direct inhibition of central cholinergic neurons via muscarinic receptors, on the one hand, and the cholinergic nature of type I-S, but not type I-R nor type II neurons, on the other.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232199
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