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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (26)
  • Nuclear Reactions  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mass and charge distributions of fusion products for ^1^2C + ^1^6O and ^1^6O + ^1^6O
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 263 (1976), S. 511-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Reactions
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9474(76)90204-9
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The reaction ^2^5Mg(^3He,d)^2^6 Al at 12 MeV
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 108 (1968), S. 547-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Reactions
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9474(68)90323-0
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Deformation mechanism of cellulose gels. III. Changes in orientation upon dryingCommunication No. 48 from the Laboratory for Cellulose Research, Utrecht. (1947)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 2 (1947), S. 632-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The orientation of model filaments stretched to various extents in three different states of swelling was investigated by quantitative x-ray analysis before and after drying. The change in orientation upon drying was found to be either very small or zero. This shows that the crystallites do not even approximately follow the rules of affined transformation which would require a very considerable increase in orientation on drying. There must be an entirely different mechanism which prevents the crystallites from being dragged along with the matrix in which they are embedded.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1947.120020608
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Deformation mechanism of cellulose gels. IV.Communication No. 49 from the Laboratory for Cellulose Research, Utrecht. General relationship between orientation of the crystalline and that of the amorphous portion (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Ten series of model filaments with increasing orientation and swelling degrees ranging between 16 and 1.2 were prepared from three viscoses containing 4, 6, and 10.5% cellulose. Their birefringence was measured and their x-ray diagrams taken and quantitatively evaluated in order to determine the over-all orientation of the iiber substance and that of the crystalline portion. It is shown that a general relation exists between the orientation of the crystallites and that of the entire fiber substance which is the same in all fibers stretched in the swollen state. Once the birefringence of a filament is known, the orientation factor of its crystallitee can be computed without taking an x-ray photograph. From the data further evidence can be derived to the effect that the orientation of the crystallitm cannot be accounted for by the theory of affined deformation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030101
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimation of crystallinity of some polymers from x-ray intensity measurementsCommunication No. 57 from the Laboratory for Cellulose Research of the AKU and affiliated Companies, Utrecht, Holland. (1949)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 4 (1949), S. 709-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The paper deals with a tentative plan to extend quantitative x-ray measurements for determining the degree of crystallinity of polymers (as used earlier in cellulose determinations), to the investigation of rubber, polythene, and a polyamide. Strictly monochromatized copper radiation was used. The results show that further work along these lines may be promising. The raw rubber sample used was identical with one of those investigated by Goppel and by Arlman. It yielded a crystallinity figure higher than that reported by Goppel, but conformed with that found by Arlman. The figures obtained for polythene at different temperatures are compared with those derived from density and heat capacity measurements by other workers. The degree of crystallinity of polythene at room temperature is found to be ∼ 55%, and in samples of polyhexamethylene sebacamide, previously treated in different ways, figures between ∼50 and 70% are obtained. It is shown that the possibility of using the background intensity as a measure of the disordered fraction is confined to not too high angles of diffraction. A method is described (and experimentally checked) allowing for reducing the curves of intensity distribution as a function of 2θ as observed in various polymers to a comparable scale. It is further emphasized that, in polymers where hydrogen bonds play a decisive role in intermolecular cohesion, the x-ray results suggest that the “crystalline” or ordered fraction may to a considerable extent involve states of two-dimensional order.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1949.120040604
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallinity of precipitated cellulose (1950)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 5 (1950), S. 565-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1950.120050504
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Deformation mechanism of cellulose gels. II. Course of crystallite orientation compared to that required by Kratky's theoryCommunication No. 32 from the Laboratory for Cellulose Research, Utrecht. (1946)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 1 (1946), S. 393-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The paper offers a verification by x-ray experiments of Kratky's theory of affined transformation (affine Raumverzerrung), aiming at an explanation of the mechanism of deformation of swollen cellulose gels upon stretching. Isotropic model filaments of various degrees of swelling were stretched to various extents and x-ray photographs were then taken. Following Kratky, the intensity distribution along the sickles of two paratropic planes of the ribbon-shaped crystallites, the lamellar plane, A0 and the A3 plane (perpendicular to the latter) were measured and the average orientation, expressed in terms of the orientation factor, fx, was calculated. The superposition of the (021) interference on that of the A3 sickle, which had been neglected by Kratky, was accounted for. The experimental results are in conformity with certain characteristic features of the theory; (a) the orientation of the A0 planes advances more rapidly than that of the A3 planes; (b) regardless of the initial degree of swelling of the isotropic filament, the average orientation is actually a univocal function of the elongation, va. On the other hand, the rate of orientation appears to be much greater than that required by theory; the average orientation, expressed in terms of the orientation factor, increases almost twice as rapidly. It is shown, moreover, that, apart from low degrees of orientation, Kratky's theory fails to explain the velocity function of the relative rotation of the crystallites, as derived from the experimental data according to a procedure proposed by Kratky. It is concluded that further work is required to elucidate the mechanism of deformation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1946.120010507
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reply to Dr. Heyn (1954)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 14 (1954), S. 404-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1954.120147610
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ein quantitativer vergleich der weitwinkel-röntgenstreuung des celluloseanteiles in gequollenen und trockenen reyonfasern84. Mitteilung aus dem Institut für Cellulose-Forschung der AKU Utrecht (Holland). (1956)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 18 (1956), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Monochromatic X-ray diffraction patterns of rayons in the air dry and water swollen state are compared quantitatively. Taking into account the differaction pattern of water, the evaluation shows that the contribution of the cellulose component is only slightly different in the two cases, even if freshly spun never dried fibers are included. In particular, and in conformity with previous findings of Kratky and Sekora, there is no indication of a difference in the quantity of crystalline cellulose in the swollen and in the dry fibers.
    Notizen: Ein quantitativer Vergleich der äquatorialen Streukurven von Röntgenaufnahmen gequollener und lufttrockener Reyonfasern, unter Berücksichtigung der Wasserstreuung, ergibt, daß die Streuung des Celluloseanteiles in beiden Fällen sehr wenig verschieden ist, auch wenn die Fäden in spinnfrischem Zustand untersucht werden. Insbesondere gibt es, in Übereinstimmung mit früheren auf anderem Wege erhaltenen Ergebnissen von Kratky und Sekora, keine Andeutung dafür, daß ein mengenmäßiger Unterschied in dem kristallinen Anteil gequollener und trockener Fasern vorliegt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1956.020180108
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the determination of the crystalline fraction of polyethylenes from X-ray diffractionCommunication No. 112. (1961)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 44 (1961), S. 24-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Es wird gezeigt, daß die verschiedenen in der Literatur empfohlenen Verfahren zur Bestimmung des kristallinen Anteiles in Polyäthylenen auf röntgenographischem Wege zu übereinstimmenden Ergebnissen führen, wenn bestimmte Fehler, die von einigen der früheren Autoren gemacht worden sind, vermieden werden.Ein einfaches Verfahren wird angegeben, das den sonstigen umständlicheren nicht unterlegen ist, keine Korrektur für LORENTZ-Faktor, Polarisation und inkoherente Strahlung erfordert und sich leicht für einen Routinegebrauch anpassen läßt.Auf die Beobachtung einer engen Korrelation zwischen Kristallinität und Linienbreite der Kristallinen Interferenzen wird hingewiesen.
    Notizen: It is demonstrated that the various procedures recommended in the literature for the determination of the crystalline fraction in polyethylene specimens by means of X-ray diffraction lead to consistent results if certain errors made by some of the previous authors are avoided.A simple procedure which is not inferior to other more elaborate ones and does not require corrections for LORENTZ factor, polarization or incoherent radiation is presented. It is easily adaptable for routine work.Attention is drawn to the observed close correlation between crystallinity and line width of the crystalline interferences.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1961.020440103
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