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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: diagenesis ; modelling ; organic matter ; pore water ; redox ; sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Pore-water concentrations of inorganic solutes were measured at four locations in a recent sedimentation area of the river Meuse in The Netherlands. The pore-water concentration profiles were interpreted using the steady state one-dimensional reaction/transport model STEADYSED1. This model explicitly accounts for the organic matter degradation pathways and secondary redox reactions. Results show that the model reproduces the measured pore-water profiles of redox species reasonably well, although significant divergence is observed for pH. The latter is due to the absence of pH buffering by CaCO3 in the model. At all locations, methanogenesis is the major pathway of organic matter degradation below 3 cm from the sediment-water interface. However, organic matter degradation rates by methanogenesis may be overestimated, because methane ebullition is not included. Differences in profiles of redox-sensitive ions among the four locations are explained by differences in depositional conditions, in particular the sediment accumulation rate and supply of organic matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Complexation ; diffusion ; heavymetals ; mobilisation ; sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Due to seasonal variation in bottom-water temperature and degradation of organic matter, the depths of the redox boundaries fluctuate in sediments of the river Meuse. This is reflected by a non-steady state behaviour of heavy metals in the surface sediments. Levels of acid-volatile sulphides suggest that dissolved concentrations of heavy metals in the anoxic pore waters are determined by their respective sulphide phases. However, complexation with dissolved organic ligands may significantly increase dissolved concentrations of heavy metals. In most sediments studied, a distinct peak in dissolved concentrations of heavy metals is measured immediately below the sediment-water interface. This concentration peak may be attributed to degradation of organic matter and oxidation of sulphides. Dissolved concentration gradients indicate that upward diffusion of heavy metals from the sediment can contribute to concentrations in the surface water, although significant effects may be confined to specific locations. In addition, it is shown that release of heavy metals as dissolved species to the surface water is negligible compared to particulate-bound fluxes of heavy metals to the sediment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Surface roughening by direct deposition of suspension particles ; NaCl used ; High reproducibility when coated with polar phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for roughening the surface of glass capillary columns for subsequent coating with polar stationary phases. A suspension of sodium chloride, obtained by addition of a saturated solution of sodium chloride in methanol to 1,1,1-trichloroethane, is passed through the column at velocities of 1-5 cm/s. During passage of the suspension, particles of sodium chloride deposit spontaneously on the column wall. The amount of sodium chloride deposited on the column wall is a function of the volume of the suspension passed through and of the contact time of the suspension and the column wall. Ultimately the amount of sodium chloride per unit surface area approaches a maximum. Columns covered with this maximum amount of sodium chloride were prepared with high reproducibility and coated with a number of polar stationary phases. Various factors that influence the stability of the suspension and the deposition of sodium chloride are discussed and minimum requirements are given. A theoretical model is proposed for the mechanism of deposition of sodium chloride particles on the glass wall.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The highly efficient syntheses of novel protected glyphosate imidate, thioimidate, and thiono ester derivatives are described starting from N-[diphenoxyphosphinylmethyl]glycinonitrile 3b. The scope, utility and limitations in using each of these activated carboxylate functionalities for further transformations to new “masked” heterocyclic derivatives are defined. While the solution stability of the imidate and thioimidate series limited the synthetic application of these species, the corresponding thiono ester derivatives were valuable synthetic intermediates, providing a short, efficient route to the first glyphosate derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole ring systems in place of the carboxylate group. These thiono esters thus undergo selective nucleophilic addition at this activated carboxylate center, while retaining the reactive diphenyl phosphonate moiety.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 405-431 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1118-1122 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 547-549 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Copper ; Trinuclear ; Formamidines ; Magnetism ; Crystal structure ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In situ reaction of CuII triflate with aminopyridine or aminopyrimidine and triethylorthoformate in ethanol results in unique linear trinuclear CuII complexes with the general formula [Cu3(L-)4](CF3SO3)2(EtOH)x (L = dehydronated ligand N,N′-bis(pyridine-2-yl)formamidine or the new ligand N,N′-bis(pyrimidine-2-yl)formamidine). The structure [Cu-Cu-Cu angle 175.19(2)°] consists of four nearly flat molecules of the ligand which contribute to the propeller-type structure around the Cu-Cu-Cu axis. A strong antiferromagnetic interaction between the CuII ions is observed, resulting in an S = 1/2 ground state below 100 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Copper ; Trinuclear complexes ; Formamidines ; Magnetism ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three new copper(II) linear trinuclear compounds are reported, all of which were synthesized in-situ, with the general formula [Cu3(L)4](CF3SO3)2(Y)x, where L is the dehydronated ligand: N,N′-bis(pyridine-2-yl)formamidine (abbreviated as Hpdf), N,N′-bis(pyrimidine-2-yl)formamidine (abbreviated as Hpmf) and N,N′-bis(5-methylpyridine-2-yl)formamidine (abbreviated as Hmpdf), Y = EtOH or H2O and x = 0.5-1.5. The compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR, LF, and EPR spectroscopy and by magnetic susceptibility down to 4 K. The structure of the compound [Cu3(pmf)4](CF3SO3)2(H2O)1/2 was determined by X-ray crystallography; it was found to crystallise in the triclinic space group P-1 with a = 8.529(5), b = 15.760(5), c = 19.639(5) Å, α = 101.793(5), β = 101.263(5), γ = 102.389(5)°, Z = 2. The structure [Cu-Cu-Cu angle 174.96(11)°] consists of four nearly flat molecules of the ligand, which contribute to the propeller-type structure around the Cu-Cu-Cu axis. A strong antiferromagnetic interaction between the CuII ions is observed with calculated J values, based on the Hamiltonian H = -2J(S1·S2 + S2·S3) - 2J′·S1·S3, of -174(1) cm-1, -120(1) cm-1, and -167(1) cm-1 for the compounds studied with L = pdf, pmf, and mpdf, respectively. These values are in agreement with an S = 1/2 ground state below temperatures of 120-160 K.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Crystal structures ; Nickel complexes ; Dinuclear complexes ; Magnetism ; Far-infrared ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ligand bis(2-benzimidazolyl)propane coordinates to NiII with chloride as an anion, thereby forming a dinuclear compound with the formula: [NiCl2(tbz)2]2(C2H6O)2. This compound crystallizes in the space group P21/c. Each five-coordinated NiII ion has a distorted trigonal bipyramidal environment which consist of two asymmetrically bridging Cl anions with distances of 2.3556(17) and 2.4275(16) Å, a terminal Cl anion with a distance of 2.3496(17) Å and two nitrogen atoms of the ligand with distances of 2.022(4) and 2.000(4) Å. The Ni-Ni distance is 3.5891(12) Å, while the Ni-Cl-Ni angle is 97.23(6)°. The magnetic properties of the compound, as studied in the range 5-280 K, have been fitted with a zero-field splitting parameter D (-14.3 cm-1) and a ferromagnetic exchange between the Ni ions in the dinuclear unit (J = +2.5 cm-1). The title compound appears to be the second example for a five-coordinated ferromagnetic dinuclear NiII compound of this type, and its magnetic properties appear to correlate with the ligand structure. With the availability of an increasing number of examples of such species it appears that antiferromagnetic exchange is found for all cases with the chromophore N2ClNiCl2NiClN2 where the MN2 ring is 5-membered. In the case, where this ring is six-membered, the exchange is ferromagnetic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Copper ; Methoxo-bridged complexes ; Crystal structure ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel chelating ligand, synthesized in situ within the coordination sphere of CuII from 2-amino-3-methylpyridine, MeOH, and dioxygen from the air, is found to form a strongly coupled, dinuclear methoxo-bridged CuII compound with the formula [Cu(L)(CH3O)(NO3)]2 (L = 2-methoxymethylamino-3-methylpyridine). The geometry around the copper atom is square pyramidal and the Cu-Cu distance within the dinuclear unit is 3.011(2) Å with an Cu-O-Cu angle of 103.13(8)°. Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, and magnetism are reported.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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