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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advanced Fuel Cells and their Future Market (1988)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Environment and Resources 13 (1988), S. 267-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1626
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.eg.13.110188.001411
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anodic Oxidation of Carbohydrates and their Derivatives in Neutral Saline Solution (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 224 (1969), S. 921-922 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The work reported here is a continuation of studies2 on the anodic oxidation of glucose and related carbohydrates at platinized electrodes, with the object of obtaining small amounts of usable power to drive the blocking oscillator circuit of a cardiac pacemaker. The ultimate form of such a fuel ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/224921a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microcalorimetric study of the self-discharge of the NiOOH/Ni(OH)2 electrode in a hydrogen environment (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 22 (1992), S. 409-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A microcalorimetric method has been used to investigate the self-discharge behaviour of nickel oxyhydroxide electrodes in a pressurized gaseous hydrogen environment. It was found that the heat generation rate is proportional to hydrogen pressure, and is significantly dependent on the immersion state of the electrode in the electrolyte. Hence, diffusion of dissolved hydrogen gas towards or within the electrode controls, at least partially, the self-discharge rate. However, the heat generation decreases exponentially with time, indicating that self-discharge is also proportional to the amount of the charged active material available for the reaction. The presence of Mg, Co and Cd oxides or hydroxides appears to inhibit self-discharge. It was found that direct chemical reaction between dissolved hydrogen and the active material dominates, while in addition, electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen coupled with electrochemical reduction of the active material might also occur at a much smaller rate than the direct reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01077541
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of hydrogen on discharge behaviour of the nickel oxide electrode (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 20 (1990), S. 377-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of hydrogen on the discharge behaviour of the nickel oxide electrode has been investigated in 30% KOH solution at 25°C. Open-circuit potentials of the nickel oxide electrodes, previously fully charged, decrease more rapidly in a hydrogen atmosphere than in an argon environment. Voltammograms of the nickel oxide electrode show that the amount of cathodic charge decreases considerably when the nickel oxide electrode is exposed to hydrogen rather than to argon. These results, along with X-ray diffraction data, indicate that hydrogen can increase the self-discharge rate of the nickel oxide electrode as a result of reduction of β-NiOOH to β-Ni(OH)2 and the simultaneous oxidation of hydrogen. In addition, hydrogen can produce changes in the nickel oxide electrode during charge that persist to modify discharge behaviour and open-circuit potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01076044
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic aspects of self-discharge of nickel-hydrogen batteries and methods for its prevention (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 25 (1995), S. 833-840 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Results of microcalorimetric experiments, in relation to self-discharge in Ni/H2 batteries are reviewed; the mechanism of self-discharge, as well as possible methods for its inhibition, are discussed. These studies indicate that: (i) the self-discharge is due to a direct reaction of hydrogen with the charged active material (nickel oxide); (ii) the presence of metallic nickel sinter particles does not affect the reaction rate; (iii) the reaction rate depends linearly on hydrogen pressure indicating that the reaction is first order with respect to hydrogen; (iv) the reaction rate is higher under starved-electrolyte rather than flooded electrolyte conditions, indicating that the rate is affected by a diffusion process of dissolved hydrogen; and (v) the microcalorimetric heat evolution rate correlates with that of a decrease in electrode capacity due to the self-discharge reaction. The effects of additives to the active material of the nickel electrode were tested as an approach to reduction of the intrinsic rate of self-discharge. An alternate method for minimizing this rate is by storing the hydrogen as a hydride and thereby lowering the cell operating pressure. Some alloys were thus examined for their hydriding/dehydriding characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233901
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic aspects of self-discharge of nickel-hydrogen batteries and methods for its prevention (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 25 (1995), S. 833-840 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Results of microcalorimetric experiments, in relation to self-discharge in Ni/H2 batteries are reviewed; the mechanism of self-discharge, as well as possible methods for its inhibition, are discussed. These studies indicate that: (i) the self-discharge is due to a direct reaction of hydrogen with the charged active material (nickel oxide); (ii) the presence of metallic nickel sinter particles does not affect the reaction rate; (iii) the reaction rate depends linearly on hydrogen pressure indicating that the reaction is first order with respect to hydrogen; (iv) the reaction rate is higher under starved-electrolyte rather than flooded electrolyte conditions, indicating that the rate is affected by a diffusion process of dissolved hydrogen; and (v) the microcalorimetric heat evolution rate correlates with that of a decrease in electrode capacity due to the self-discharge reaction. The effects of additives to the active material of the nickel electrode were tested as an approach to reduction of the intrinsic rate of self-discharge. An alternate method for minimizing this rate is by storing the hydrogen as a hydride and thereby lowering the cell operating pressure. Some alloys were thus examined for their hydriding/dehydriding characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00772201
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a novel metal hydride–air secondary battery (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 545-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: metal hydride/air cell ; gas diffusion electrode ; nickel and cobalt oxides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory metal hydride/air cell was evaluated. Charging was via a bifunctional air gas-diffusion electrode. Mixed nickel and cobalt oxides, supported on carbon black and activated carbon, were used as catalysts in this electrode. At 30mAcm−2 in 6m KOH, the air electrode potentials were −0.2V (oxygen reduction) and +0.65V (oxygen evolution) vs Hg/HgO. The laboratory cell was cycled for 50 cycles at the C/2 rate (10mAcm−2). The average discharge/charge voltages of the cell were 0.65 and 1.6V, respectively. The initial capacity of the metal hydride electrode decreased by about 15% after 50 cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003229514453
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parametric study of the anode of an implantable biological fuel cell (1971)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 1 (1971), S. 79-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, electrochemical oxidation of glucose at the concentration level present in human venous plasma is discussed, with the object of determining the feasibility of constructing an implantable fuel cell for powering a prosthetic heart. The model anode considered consists of a diffusing membrane, to prevent blood contact, backed by a porous electrode structure. The latter is assumed to consist of parallel tubular pores of length equal to the electrode thickness. The variation of membrane and electrode parameters and rate constants for glucose oxidation are considered as functions of reaction order and oxidation product under different flow conditions. It is shown that the least optimistic case, oxidation of glucose only to gluconic acid, is apparently marginally feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01111855
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersion deposition of metal — Particle composites and the evaluation of dispersion deposited nickel — Lanthanum nickelate electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 21 (1991), S. 683-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A method for the preparation of high surface area coatings and its application towards fabrication of prospective composite electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution is proposed. Exploratory studies with such a composite, (Ni/LaNiO3), as a hydrogen electrode in alkaline solutions indicate that it is a more active electrocatalyst than sintered or electrodeposited nickel. The electrocatalytic properties were found to be a strong function of the deposition parameters as well as of the history of the oxide powder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01034046
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of PbO on zinc electrodeposition from zincate solutions (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 22 (1992), S. 693-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of PhO on zinc electrodeposition on a copper substrate from zincate solutions was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and by polarization measurements as a function of time. It was found that lead deposition caused the zinc deposition potential to cathodically shift by 100 mV in the negative direction. It is suggested that the presence of lead on the copper substrate suppresses hydrogen absorption and consequently inhibits zinc deposition via a path such as $$\left( {ZnOH} \right)_{ad} + H_{ad} \to Zn + H_2 O$$ . The polarization studies indicate that co-deposition of lead does not affect zinc deposition kinetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01027495
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