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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 42 (2004), S. 123-129 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Recent theoretical and empirical studies have focused on the topology of large networks of communication/interactions in biological, social and technological systems. Most of them have been studied in the scope of the small-world and scale-free networks’ theory. Here we analyze the characteristics of ant networks of galleries produced in a 2-D experimental setup. These networks are neither small-worlds nor scale-free networks and belong to a particular class of network, i.e. embedded planar graphs emerging from a distributed growth mechanism. We compare the networks of galleries with both minimal spanning trees and greedy triangulations. We show that the networks of galleries have a path system efficiency and robustness to disconnections closer to the one observed in triangulated networks though their cost is closer to the one of a tree. These networks may have been prevented to evolve toward the classes of small-world and scale-free networks because of the strong spatial constraints under which they grow, but they may share with many real networks a similar trend to result from a balance of constraints leading them to achieve both path system efficiency and robustness at low cost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: army ants ; behavior ; pheromones ; foraging ; self-organization ; Eciton ; mathematical model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We present field experiments and analyses that test both the assumptions and the predictions of a model that showed how the swarm raids of the army ant Eciton burchellimight be self-organizing, i.e., based on hundreds of thousands of interactions among the foraging workers rather than a central administration or hierarchical control. We use circular mill experiments to show that the running velocity of the ants is a sigmoidal function of the strength of their trail pheromones and provide evidence that the swarm raid is structured by the interaction between outbound and inbound forager traffic mediated by the pheromones produced by both of these sets of ants. Inbound traffic is also affected by the distribution of prey, and hence, sites of prey capture alter the geometry of the raid. By manipulating the prey distributions for E. burchelliswarms, we have made them raid in a form more typical of other army ant species. Such self-organization of raids based on an interaction between the ants and their environment has profound consequences for interpretations of the evolution of army ant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 12 (1999), S. 277-282 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Aneolsimus eximius ; social spider ; dragline attachment ; probabilistic pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 719-725 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: army ants ; raid patterns ; self-organization ; mathematical model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 159-168 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Iridomyrmex humilis ; Argentine ant ; exploration ; self-organization ; swarm pattern ; mathematical model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Workers of the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis,start to explore a chemically unmarked territory randomly. As the exploratory front advances, other explorers are recruited and a trail extends from it to the nest. Whereas recruitment trails are generally constructed between two points, these exploratory trails have no fixed destination, and strongly resemble the foraging patterns of army ants. A minimal model shows how the exploratory pattern may be generated by the individual workers' simple trail-laying and -following behavior, illustrating how complex collective structures in insect colonies may be based on self-organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 169-182 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: aggregation pheromones ; aggregative behavior ; collective feeding ; Dendroctonus micans ; mathematical model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper provides a simple mathematical model of the aggregation behavior of the gregarious intracortical-feeding larvae of the bark beetle, Dendroctonus micans. The model's assumptions are that each individual produces pheromones at a constant rate and reacts positively to a pheromone gradient. These hypotheses have been tested by comparing experiments and simulations, both of which showed that (1) homogeneously distributed individuals aggregate rapidly at the center of the experimental or theoretical arena and (2) eccentric, preformed groups succeed in attracting dispersed individuals, provided that the initial size of these groups is sufficiently high. There is good agreement between most of the experimental and theoretical results, providing a link among chemical communication, density of larvae, and random events occurring during the development of a spatial structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Lasius niger ; trail following ; trail laying ; pheromone evaporation ; mathematical model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Foragers of the ant Lasius nigerexploiting a 1 Msugar source were found to lay 43 %more trail marks than those exploiting a 0.05 or a 0.1 Msource. The trail laying per forager decreased during the course of individual recruitment episodes, and the mean lifetime of the trail pheromone was estimated to be 47 min. A mathematical function describing the probability that a forager chooses one of two paths in relation to the amount of trail pheromone on them closely fitted experimental data. These results were incorporated into a model describing the recruitment dynamics of L. niger.Simulations of this model showed that the observed modulation of trail laying with respect to food source quality is sufficient in itself to account for the systematic selection of the richer source seen in the experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 8 (1995), S. 417-432 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: building ; social insects ; self-organization ; regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nests of social insects result from a succession of stimulus responses steps involving the environment, the workers, and the by-product of their activities (which modify their environment). In this way social insects can build without any reference to a blueprint. In this paper we explore the link between individual building behavior and the characteristics (form, size, location, etc.) of the structures produced. We show with a mathematical model (in the form of nonlinear differential equations) that social insects using behavioral mechanisms, which do not require an explicit measure of the nest and the colony size, can nevertheless effectively regulate, at the level of the colony, the size of the nest in response to changes in the size of the colony population. In addition, even though individual workers do not directly compare environmental characteristics, the colony can expand the nest “preferentially” in the most favorable zone. The models used show how such regulations and decision making can be a by-product of an amplifying communication between the builders and their work and how different patterns of building through time can be generated tuning the same basic rules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 76 (1989), S. 579-581 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 36 (1989), S. 339-347 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume On présente un modèle simple de choix du secteur de fourragement par des fourmis. Ce choix se fait en fonction de la quantité de phéromone associée à chaque secteur, et est autocatalytique puisque les fourrageuses qui trouvent de la nourriture dans un secteur y ajoutent de la phéromone. Quand la nourriture d'un secteur est épuisée, les fourrageuses transfèrent spontanément leur activité vers le secteur adjacent. Si la richesse en nourriture augmente, le modèle passe d'un fourragement aléatoire à la formation d'une piste qui tourne autour du nid. Plus la richesse est élevée, plus la piste tourne lentement, jusqu'à devenir figée en un secteur. Ces résultats correspondent aux observations faites sur la fourmiMessor pergandei parBernstein (1975),Rissing etWheeler (1976). reconcilient une apparente contradiction entre eux.
    Notes: Summary A simple model is described wherein ant foragers choose a foraging sector as a function of the pheromone concentration associated with each sector. The choice is autocatalytic, as foragers that find food in a sector add to its pheromone. As a sector's food runs out, the foragers spontaneously switch to the adjacent sector. With increasing food abundance, the model passes from random foraging to the formation of a trail that rotates about the nest. The greater the abundance the more slowly the trail rotates until it finally becomes fixed on one sector. These results agree with experimental observations made on the harvester antMessor pergandei byBernstein (1975) andRissing andWheeler (1976), and reconcile an apparent contradiction between them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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