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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 25 (1986), S. 1170-1175 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 39 (1967), S. 371-373 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 36 (1993), S. 555-567 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Ornithine decarboxylase ; mRNA evolution ; Episodic evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the first enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. We have studied the evolutionary history of the mammalian ODC mRNA, focusing on the rate of accumulation of sequence divergence within specific subregions of the molecule. The phylogenetic relationships among the mRNAs from several mammalian species, including two mouse species, rat, hamster, and human, were determined based upon the numbers of synonymous substitutions in pair-wise comparisons of mRNA coding regions. The separation times for the mRNAs were very similar to those for the corresponding species, suggesting that ODC is encoded by orthologous genes in the different species. Analysis of divergence patterns in four subregions, or domains, of the mRNA (the 5′untranslated region, the coding region, and two domains of the 3′-untranslated region) showed that the domains have evolved in a noncoordinate fashion. Furthermore, evolution of each subregion has been episodic, with periods of both rapid and slow sequence divergence. We suggest that the episodic pattern of ODC mRNA evolution may indicate the existence of selection pressures that were exerted in a time- and domain-specific manner during mammalian speciation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Gene families ; mRNA divergence ; Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The organization and sequence of genes encoding the α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1PI), a major serine proteinase inhibitor of the mammalian bloodstream, have been compared in several species, including murine rodents (genus Mus). Analysis of gene copy number indicates that amplification of α1PI genes occurred at some time during evolution of the Mus genus, leading to fixation of a family of about three to five genes in several existing species (e.g., M. domesticus and M. saxicola), and only a single gene in others (e.g., M. caroli). A phylogeny for the various mammalian α1PI mRNAs was constructed based upon synonymous substitutions within coding regions. The mRNAs in different murine species diverged from a common ancestor before the formation of the first species lineages of the Mus genus, i.e., about 10–13 million years ago. Thus, α1PI gene amplification must have occurred prior to Mus speciation; gene families were retained in some, but not all, murine species. The reactive center region of the α1PI polypeptide, which determines target protease specificity, has diverged rapidly during evolution of the Mus species, but not during evolution of other mammalian species included in the analysis. It is likely that this accelerated evolution of the reactive center, which has been noted previously for serine proteinase inhibitors, was driven by some sort of a positive Darwinian selection that was exerted in a taxon-specific manner. We suggest that evolution of α1PI genes of murine rodents has been characterized by both modification of gene copy number and rapid reactive center divergence. These processes may have resulted in a broadened repertoire of proteinase inhibitors that was evolutionarily advantageous during Mus speciation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 48 (1999), S. 252-252 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 46 (1998), S. 639-648 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Transcription — Promoter — Regulatory element —Mus genus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Previously, we identified evolutionarily derived changes in the pattern of nuclear factor binding to overlapping sites (termed A, B, and C, in proximal to distal order) within the promoter region of the murine D7Rp2e gene. In Mus domesticus, strong binding occurs at site B, with weak binding at sites A and C; in M. pahari, strong binding is observed at sites A and C, with weak binding at site B. The M. pahari-specific occupancy pattern is associated with repression of transcription. Presently, we have identified two interspecies changes, a single A → G substitution within site B and a 7-bp indel within site C, that are primary determinants of the interspecies differences. These mutations alter both the pattern of binding site occupancy and the ability to repress transcription. The results are discussed in terms of a model involving a dynamic equilibrium between states of binding site occupancy, the nature of which can be modified during evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Maximum likelihood ; Fluorescence decay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The usefulness of fluorescence techniques for the study of macromolecular structure and dynamics depends on the accuracy and sensitivity of the methods used for data analysis. Many methods for data analysis have been proposed and used, but little attention has been paid to the maximum likelihood method, generally known as the most powerful statistical method for parameter estimation. In this paper we study the properties and behavior of maximum likelihood estimates by using simulated fluorescence intensity decay data. We show that the maximum likelihood method provides generally more accurate estimates of lifetimes and fractions than does the standard least-squares approach especially when the lifetime ratios between individual components are small. Three novelties to the field of fluorescence decay analysis are also introduced and studied in this paper: a) discretization of the convolution integral based on the generalized integral mean value theorem: b) the likelihood ratio test as a tool to determine the number of exponential decay components in a given decay profile; and c) separability and detectability indices which provide measures on how accurately, a particular decay component can be detected. Based on the experience gained from this and from our previous study of the Padé-Laplace method, we make some recommendations on how the complex problem of deconvolution and parameter estimation of multiexponential functions might be approached in an experimental setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 26 (1999), S. 5-14 
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of the present study is to test the hypothesis alluded to by Tullock, within the context of defensive rent-seeking efforts developed by others (e.g. McChesney). Here, we test the idea that defensive rent seeking efforts (or rent-defending) to maintain the status quo augment offensive rent-seeking (all proxied by real campaign contributions to US House/Senate candidates, 1976-1992) during federal budgetary climates of deficit-cutting (budget-balancing). When a panel estimator is properly used, our econometric evidence confirms our hypothesis. Evidence from a Parks regression technique suggests that total rent-seeking is positively related to the amount of federal spending, as others have shown, but that rent-seeking efforts increase when federal budget deficits are reduced, threatening existing spending patterns and rents. Perhaps an unintended consequence of deficit-reduction efforts, holding government spending constant, is an increase in the size of the rent-seeking industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 32 (2005), S. 382-386 
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - Within the area of economics, the value attached to highly-ranked journal publications, such as the American Economic Review, Journal of Political Economy and Quarterly Journal of Economics, in tenure, promotion, and merit pay processes is often several times greater than that of second-tier publications, such as Economic Inquiry and the Southern Economic Journal. As a result, one would expect that author(s) will put forth relatively more production "effort" in order to gain acceptance in a top-tier journal. The additional production effort may come in the form of making the manuscript available to a larger number of outside readers, perhaps via seminars and conferences. This study aims to examine whether the economics research production process differs between top- and second-tier journal outlets. Design/methodology/approach - Data are collected from feature articles published in two top-tier and two second-tier economics journals for the period 1995-1999, inclusive. Means difference tests on various "production statistics" across journals are conducted/presented. Findings - Tests presented in this study indicate that the fraction of the "scientific team" whose contributions are recognized in the acknowledgment footnote of research articles appearing in top-tier economics journal outlets is, on average, greater than that of articles appearing in second-tier economics journal outlets. Originality/value - By examining within-discipline aspects of intellectual property rights assignment in economics, our study extends the work of Laband (2002), which examined interdisciplinary differences (i.e. agricultural economics versus economics) in the assignment of intellectual property rights.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 22 (1995), S. 33-43 
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Investigates empirically the importance of buyer characteristics aswell as product and service classifications on the informational contentof advertising supply by sellers utilizing Yellow Pagesadvertisements from six US cities. The analysis and tests extend thecategories used in previous tests by including so-called "credencegoods" by analysing the impact of alternative buyercharacteristics as proxies for time and information costs. Theintra-city and, to a lesser extent, inter-city comparisons lend supportto the contemporary theory of advertising as information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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