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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 24 (1991), S. 4408-4422 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 8 (1992), S. 2913-2920 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 6680-6683 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 29 (1964), S. 2813-2815 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Tetraponera ; bamboo ; ants ; nest flooding ; water removal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The Southeast Asian antTetraponera sp. nearattenuata F. Smith inhabits internodes of large bamboo species that it shares with symbiotic pseudococcids. It finds access to this nesting habitat via small holes made by wood-boring insects. During heavy rain, runoff water collects in these punctured internodes. TheTetraponera workers remove the water by ingesting it, walking to the entrance hole, and regurgitating it to the outside. In this way, they 1) reduce the danger of colony members drowing, 2) enable their symbionts to feed also on the internode floor, and 3) prevent excessive growth of microbes in the nest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Tetraponera ; bamboo ; ants ; colony structure ; polydomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The colony structure of the bamboo-inhabiting SE-Asian pseudomyrmecine antTetraponera sp. PSW-80 nearattenuata F. Smith was investigated at the Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre, Selangor, West-Malaysia. Based on the dissection of 54 stem internodes from 12 different culms of the large bambooGigantochloa scortechinii Gamble and on the mapping of three colonies, the following demographic characteristics emerge. The colonies are monogynous but highly polydomous (at least up to 36 internodes and up to 9 stems occupied) and very populous for a pseudomyrmecine not involved in an ant-plant mutualism. One completely censused colony had 6953 adult workers and 2079 alates (adults plus pupae). The single queen suppresses gyne development in her own “nest” and, to a lesser extent, in other “nests” within the same stem. The overall numerical sex ratio was 0.96∶1 (females:males), the investment sex ratio, 2.93∶1, i.e., almost exactly the 3∶1 ratio expected for a monogynous outbred hymenopteran in which the colony queen also produces all the male offspring. Brood is distributed to all other nest chambers from the queenright chamber. The symbiotic pseudococcids (Kermicus wroughtoni Newstead) are present in all inhabited internodes, with small early instar individuals prevailing numerically by far over the larger stages. The rieht well secluded honeydew supply within the internode and the efficient architectural protection provided by the internode wall (access usually only through a 2 × 3 mm-hole) allowT. sp. PSW-80 to reach an unusually large colony size without being an aggressive and protective plant mutualist like other members of its subfamily with similar demographic features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; VLDL metabolism ; LDL metabolism ; human macrophages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The very low- and low-density lipoprotein fractions were isolated from 16 normolipidaemic Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients in good to fair glycaemic control and from corresponding age-, sex-, and race-matched, non-diabetic control subjects. Rates of cholesteryl ester synthesis averaged 268±31 vs 289±40 pmol 14C-cholesteryl oleate·-mg cell protein−1·20 h−1 for very low- and 506±34 vs 556±51 pmol 14C-cholesteryl oleate·mg cell protein−1·20 h−1 for low-density lipoproteins isolated from the Type 2 diabetic patients and control subjects, respectively, when they were incubated with human macrophages. A group of approximately one-third of the patients was selected for separate analyses because very low-density lipoproteins isolated from these patients did stimulate more cholesteryl ester synthesis when incubated with macrophages. There were no significant differences in the lipid composition of the lipoproteins isolated from the three groups of subjects. The relative proportion of apoprotein C to apoprotein E was significantly decreased (p〈0.002) in the very low-density lipoproteins from diabetic patients and was further decreased in samples from these selected diabetic patients. The apoprotein C-I content of very low-density lipoproteins isolated from diabetic patients was increased compared to control subjects and was further increased in samples from the selected diabetic patients (p〈0.02). There were no significant differences in the proportions of apoproteins C-III-0, C-III-1, or C-III-2 among the three groups. These studies suggest that in normolipidaemic Type 2 diabetic patients, the apoprotein composition of VLDL is abnormal and this may alter VLDL macrophage interactions and thus contribute to the increased prevalence of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; diabetic nephropathy ; 5′ insulin gene polymorphism ; heredity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent data suggest genetic contributions to the microvascular complications of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Most research has focused on the HLA region, and the potential role of other genetic loci has not been adequately explored. We examined the possible relationship between DNA polymorphisms in the region 5′ to the insulin gene on chromosome 11 and diabetic nephropathy. This was done by comparison of those diabetic patients homozygous for class 1 alleles at the 5′ insulin gene polymorphism locus to 1/3 heterozygotes in a well-characterized series of 324 insulin-requiring diabetic patients from the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Proteinuria (defined as ≥0.3 g protein/l urine), was used as suggestive evidence for diabetic nephropathy. Hypertension, a frequent associated finding in diabetic patients with nephropathy, was defined as a blood pressure greater than 140/90 or a history of previous treatment of hypertension. The two genotypically defined groups did not differ from each other in regard to sex ratio, age at diagnosis, age at examination, duration of diabetes, body mass, HbAlc or C-peptide. The 1/1 group had a higher prevalence of proteinuria, 29% as compared to 16.2 % in other genotypes (p〈0.05). There was no significant difference in the frequency of hypertension between the two genotypic groups. This finding suggests that the 5′ insulin gene polymorphism may be associated with risk for nephropathy, but the pathophysiologic mechanism remains unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Endothelial cells ; very low density lipoprotein subfractions ; diabetes mellitus ; atherosclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction was isolated from 11 normolipidaemic Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients in good to fair glycaemic control and from 11 age-, sex- and race-matched, non-diabetic, control subjects. The rate of receptor-mediated degradation by human endothelial cells was significantly greater (p〈0.02) for the total VLDL fraction isolated from diabetic patients compared to control subjects and averaged 1008±300 and 717±150 ng·mg cell protein−1·16 h−1, respectively. The total VLDL fraction was separated into three subfractions: VLDL-I, Sf 100–400 (Sf = Svedberg units); VLDL-II, Sf 60–100; VLDL-III, Sf20–60. Rates of receptor-mediated degradation of VLDL-I and VLDL-II isolated from diabetic patients were significantly greater than the comparable subfraction isolated from control subjects and averaged 1023±279 vs 361±122 (p〈0.01) and 433±70 vs 294±70 ng·mg cell protein−1·16 h−1 (p〈0.03), respectively. Rates of receptor-mediated degradation of the V-III subfraction isolated from the two groups did not differ significantly. There were no significant differences in the chemical composition or in the plasma concentrations of the VLDL subfractions isolated from diabetic patients compared to control subjects. There was a significant increase in the apoprotein E content of VLDL-I (p〈0.01) and VLDL-II (p〈0.05) isolated from diabetic patients. There was a significant increase in the ratio of apoprotein C compared to apoprotein E (p〈0.03) in VLDL-I isolated from control subjects compared to the diabetic patients. There were no significant differences in the apoprotein composition of VLDL-III isolated from the two groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin-dependent diabetes ; diabetic retinopathy ; retinal photography ; grading scheme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We present the methodology for 45
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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