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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 38 (1987), S. 140-146 
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Thornthwaites (1948) empirische Methode zur Bestimmung der potentiellen Evapotranspiration (PE) wurde auf Grund ihrer Einfachheit von vielen indischen Wissenschaftlern der theoretisch-empirischen von Penman (1948) vorgezogen. Da die Anwendbarkeit der Methode Thornthwaites für Monsunklimate von manchen Kreisen in Zweifel gezogen wird, wird hier ein Vergleich zwischen beiden Methoden mit Daten von etwa 26 Jahren von 15 Stationen, die über ganz Indien verteilt sind, gezogen. Es zeigt sich, daß Thornthwaites Methode während des Südwestmonsuns höhere Werte mit geringerer Schwankung zwischen den Jahren liefert als die Penmans. Ebenso wurde ein systematischer Unterschied in der jährlichen Variation zwischen beiden Methoden festgestellt, der sich vor allem auf den tatsächlichen Dampfdruck und die Sonnenscheindauer, die in Penmans Methode berücksichtigt werden, zurückführen läßt.
    Notes: Summary Thornthwaite's (1948) empirical method of estimating potential evapotranspiration (PE) has been preferred by several scientists in India to Penman's (1948) theoretical combination approach, because of the former's simplicity. However, in view of the doubts expressed in various quarters regarding the applicability of Thornthwaite's method for monsoon climates, a comparison is made of the performance of these two methods over different parts of India, using about 26 years of data at 15 stations spread over the country. Various aspects of the manifestations and their differences are presented. It is found that Thornthwaite's method gives considerably higher estimates ofPE and shows lower inter-annual variability than Penman's method during the southwest monsoon season. A systematic annual variation of the difference between the two methods is also noticed which is found to be mainly due to the actual vapor pressure and sunshine duration included in Penman's method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 2014-2016 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Chemically and structurally uniform Mn-Zn ferrites have been produced using powders synthesized by the spray decomposition of mixed, aqueous Mn, Fe, and Zn nitrate solutions. The particle size of the as-formed powder depended strongly on the metal ion concentration in solution; higher concentrations produced larger sizes. The as-formed particles are spherical, internally hollow, and consisted mostly of Fe2O3. A 900 °C, 6-h argon treatment removed the internal void space and converted the particles mostly to the ferrite spinel phase. Sintering of compacts from heat-treated powders produced microstructures superior to those from as-formed powders. Uniform, fine-grained materials, with a densification level comparable to that of commercial sintered ferrite, have been produced at the very low sintering temperature of 1100 °C. Preliminary work indicates that a higher initial permeability is obtained when a higher sintering temperature was used and the level of its disaccommodation depended on the oxygen partial pressure present during sintering. Both "accommodation'' and disaccommodation were observed in the permeability; their magnitudes depended on the peak value of the applied excitation field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3779-3781 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Highly aligned SmCo5 deposits were produced using plasma spraying. c-axis alignment, normal to the plane of the deposit, was achieved by depositing the Sm-Co alloys on steel substrates maintained at high temperatures. The substrates were heated by the plasma flame to obtain the high temperatures. The attainment of a range of substrate temperatures was made possible through control over the geometry of the substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 5644-5646 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Colloidally precipitated powders were investigated for the synthesis of chemically homogeneous, uniformly fine-grained Mn-Zn ferrites. The process consists of the atomized dispersion of an aqueous solution of Mn, Zn, and Fe nitrates in an agitated solution of 1M ammonium hydroxide. This results in the coprecipitation of a fine colloidal mixture of Mn, Zn, and Fe hydroxides. The mixture is filtered, washed, dried, and heat treated to form agglomerated powders. The agglomerated powders are reduced in size and sintered after cold compaction. Sintering was performed at temperatures of 1100–1250 °C with oxygen partial pressures from 0 to 500 ppm in argon. Magnetic permeability and disaccommodation were measured on selected samples after an initial 0.5–5.0 Oe decaying sinusoidal field was applied to the specimens to excite time varying permeability. The permeability variation depended strongly on the magnitude of this excitation; both disaccommodation and accommodation were observed. The duplex structure typically associated with severe discontinuous grain growth was not observed for either of the two compositions examined over the range of sintering temperatures studied. Low levels of porosity were seen in samples sintered at 1150 and 1250 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 5665-5665 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Chemically and structurally uniform Mn-Zn ferrites have been produced using powders synthesized by the spray decomposition of mixed, aqueous Mn, Fe, and Zn nitrate solutions. The particle size of the as-formed powder depended strongly on the metal ion concentration in solution; higher concentrations produced larger sizes. The as-formed particles are spherical, internally hollow, and consisted mostly of Fe2O3. A 900 °C, 6-h argon treatment removed the internal void space and converted the particles mostly to the ferrite spinel phase. Sintering of compacts from heat-treated powders produced microstructures superior to those from as-formed powders. Uniform, fine-grained materials, with a densification level comparable to that of commercial sintered ferrite, have been produced at the very low sintering temperature of 1100 °C. Preliminary work indicates that a higher initial permeability is obtained when a higher sintering temperature was used and the level of its disaccommodation depended on the oxygen partial pressure present during sintering. Both "accommodation'' and disaccommodation were observed in the permeability; their magnitudes depended on the peak value of the applied excitation field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 28 (1980), S. 518-524 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 5 (1966), S. 860-863 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1520-5029
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 20 (1981), S. 1623-1625 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 4507-4512 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Copper thin films were exposed to a dilute silane mixture at temperatures in the range of 190–363 °C. The resulting silicide surface layers were characterized by four-point probe, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and x-ray diffraction. A definitive stability regime is observed in which progressively higher copper content phases exist with increasing temperature. Cu3Si, formed in silane, on annealing converts to Cu5Si and eventually to no silicide layer by a silicon diffusion reaction that in an inert ambient drives silicon into underlying copper to form a solid solution. In oxidizing ambients, a similar phenomenon occurs but now silicon also diffuses to surfaces where it oxidizes to form a self-passivating SiO2 layer on surface. These results have important implications governing integration of copper silicide as a passivation layer and silicon hydride based dielectric deposition in copper-based multilevel interconnect in ultralarge scale integration. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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