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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 37 (1979), S. 127-138 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Suprachiasmatic nucleus neurone ; Retino-hypothalamic projection ; Electrical stimulation of the optic nerve ; Flash stimulation of the retina ; Tuberoinfundibular neurone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of female rats was surveyed with microelectrodes under urethane anaesthesia. In rats with bilateral transection of the optic tracts, repetitive three pulses of 100 Hz applied to the contralateral optic nerve excited 8 and inhibited 11 other of the 86 SCN units examined. Transection of the optic tract did not significantly influence frequency of occurrence of the SCN units that were excited or inhibited by stimulation of the optic nerve. Certain SCN units responded to both of contralateral and ipsilateral stimulations of the optic nerve, indicating that bilateral visual inputs converge on the same single SCN neurones. Oscillatory responses with a period of 100–200 msec were occasionally produced by stimulation of the optic nerve. Flash stimuli with relatively weak intensity, even insufficient for producing wavelets in electroretinograms, produced an excitation and inhibition in SCN units. The mean firing rates were significantly altered by either electrical or flash stimuli repeated 500 times at 0.97 Hz in those units which showed no transitory response. Some of the SCN neurones receiving visual inputs were identified to be the tuberoinfundibular neurone and some other SCN neurones were found to receive converging inputs both from the optic nerve and from the axon collaterals of tuberoinfundibular neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 42 (1981), S. 362-370 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Carotid baroreceptor ; Pain afferents ; Pontine neurone ; Rat ; Supraoptic nucleus neurone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Effects of pressure stimulation of the isolated carotid sinus, of occlusion of the common carotid artery and of tail pinching on the discharge activity of dorsal pontine area neurones and antidromically identified supraoptic neurosecretory neurones were studied in male rats anaesthetized with urethane. Electrical stimulation of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) produced antidromically conducted action potentials in a small number (24/384) of the units recorded in the dorsal pontine area. Pressure pulse stimulation of the isolated carotid sinus inhibited and carotid occlusion facilitated discharge activity in some of the tested dorsal pontine area neurones. In these responsive pontine neurones a transient excitation of grouped discharges was occasionally observed to concur with a small, spontaneous depression of the arterial blood pressure. Tail pinching excited some of these pontine neurones. Histological examination revealed that these responsive neurones were located in the dorsal pontine area close, but ventral and lateral, to the locus coeruleus. Electrical stimulation of the dorsal pons evoked a synaptically mediated excitation in 20 and inhibition in the other seven of the 52 SON units which were identified antidromically after stimulation of the pituitary stalk. Pressure stimulation of the isolated carotid sinus evoked an inhibition of discharge activity in some of the SON units which were excited by dorsal pontine area stimulation. All of the six tested units which showed inhibition after dorsal pontine area stimulation were unresponsive to pressure stimulation. Based on these data, it was concluded that at least some of the neurones which mediate carotid baroreceptor inputs to SON neurosecretory neurones are located in the dorsal pontine area close, but ventral and lateral, to the locus coeruleus and that these dorsal pontine area neurones also mediate converging synaptic inputs originating from somatic pain receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 14 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The use of mouthguards in contact sports effectively prevents oral injury and preserves oral structures. We investigated oral injuries and awareness concerning mouthguards ainong Japanese high school soccer and rugby players. Athletes were asked a series of questions concerning their history of oral injury while participating in sports, and their pattern of mouthguard use was determined. The data were evaluated statistically using chi-square analysis. The incidence of oral injuries was 32.3% for soccer athletes and 56.5% for rugby athletes, with 0.8% and 24.1% of the respective groups having mouthguards. There were sigmficant differences between the soccer and rugby groups (p〈0.001). Although 81.8% of soccer athletes thought mouthguards were unnecessary, only 26.2% of rugby athletes shared this opinion and there was a sigmficant difference between the soccer and rugby groups. Many soccer ath-letes had insufficient knowledge about mouthguards and were not concerned about preventing oral injury, although it was in fact a common problem in their sport. Athletes as well as coaches must be made aware of the high risk of oral injury when playing soccer, rugby, and other contact sports.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 13 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mouth guards have been proven to greatly reduce the number and severity of traumatic dental injuries to participants in contact sports. However, there are some difficult problems in making month guards for athletes with orthdontic appliances on their teeth. We developed a method of making mouth guards by using a coating material for such athletes to prevent dental and oral sports injuries and to protect the orthodontic appliances. This mouth guard fits well and does not damage the appliances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 8 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Mandibular angle fractures have been considered attributable to the presence of unerupted third molars. We examined the relationship between the incidence of sports-related mandibular angle fractures and the presence of a mandibular third molar with emphasis on the position of the third molar. The incidence of angle fracture was significantly higher in the sports-related injury group than in the group with fracture due to other causes (P〈0.05). The incidence of angle fracture in the athletes with higher impaction scores was significantly higher than that in the subjects with higher scores who did not have sports-related fractures (P〈0.05). The percentage of rugby athletes with third molars was significantly higher than that of those without third molars (P〈0.001), and a high proportion of young athletes (89.5%) was considered to belong to a potential high-risk group for angle fractures. Our findings suggest that mandibular angle fractures are influenced by the presence and characteristics of the third molar in sports-related injuries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 17 (1982), S. 187-194 
    ISSN: 0020-7462
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron 23 (1967), S. 3327-3332 
    ISSN: 0040-4020
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron 23 (1967), S. 1007-1014 
    ISSN: 0040-4020
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron 24 (1968), S. 6387-6393 
    ISSN: 0040-4020
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron 24 (1968), S. 3425-3435 
    ISSN: 0040-4020
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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