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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High quality L2,3 edges magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) data of in situ grown Fe, Co, and Ni ferromagnetic thin films were measured using transmission x-ray absorption technique. These data were utilized to investigate the validity of the recently proposed x-ray MCD sum-rules that offer a new means for deducing orbital- and spin-magnetic moments from MCD data. We find that the orbital to spin magnetic moment ratios of Fe, Co, and Ni deduced from MCD data according to the sum-rules are at ±30% discrepancy with those deduced from neutron scattering data. This inconsistency may be attributed to the neglecting of multi-electron excitations and band structure effects in the derivation of the sum-rules or due to uncertainties in the neutron scattering results. Caveats for MCD data taken with the fluorescence yield x-ray absorption technique will also be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 99 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 93 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Adapting Sir Dugald Bairďs concept of primary obstetric causes of perinatal mortality, a revised clinico-pathological classification has been evolved to take account of new knowledge and developments, and to direct attention to potentially avoidable deaths and to where intensified efforts and investigation are needed. Categories highlighting the importance of intrauterine growth retardation, unexplained intrauterine death and spontaneous premature labour have been introduced, intrapartum hypoxia is separated from birth trauma, and infection again has its own category. Regular perinatal audit at one obstetric hospital, since 1979, has shown that the new system provides a workable and useful means for classifying not only perinatal deaths, but also late abortions, late neonatal deaths and perinatally related infant deaths. The rate of total perinatally related wastage, defined in this way, was almost twice that for perinatal mortality (22–8 compared with 11.9 per 1000 births). The former is advocated as a more realistic index for the audit of perinatal care. The revised and extended system is put forward as a contribution to the current debate on classifying and reporting such wastage, in the hope that it may be tested as a model for regional as well as hospital surveys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 93 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Adapting Sir Dugald Bairďs concept of primary obstetric causes of perinatal mortality, a revised clinico-pathological classification has been evolved to take account of new knowledge and developments, and to direct attention to potentially avoidable deaths and to where intensified efforts and investigation are needed. Categories highlighting the importance of intrauterine growth retardation, unexplained intrauterine death and spontaneous premature labour have been introduced, intrapartum hypoxia is separated from birth trauma, and infection again has its own category. Regular perinatal audit at one obstetric hospital, since 1979, has shown that the new system provides a workable and useful means for classifying not only perinatal deaths, but also late abortions, late neonatal deaths and perinatally related infant deaths. The rate of total perinatally related wastage, defined in this way, was almost twice that for perinatal mortality (22-8 compared with 11·9 per 1000 births). The former is advocated as a more realistic index for the audit of perinatal care. The revised and extended system is put forward as a contribution to the current debate on classifying and reporting such wastage, in the hope that it may be tested as a model for regional as well as hospital surveys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 99 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 99 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To compare conservative versus prostaglandin management of prelabour rupture of the membranes (PROM) in healthy primigravid women at term.Design A prospective randomized study.Setting Labour Ward, Aberdeen Maternity Hospital.Subjects 230 primigravidae at term with PROM, 115 allocated to be treated conservatively and 115 to be managed with prostaglandin treatment.Interventions In the conservatively managed group the women were observed for up to 24 h after hospital admission with PROM. The actively managed group had PGE2 gel (2 mg) instilled into the posterior fornix and if contractions had not commenced, a further dose of PGE2 gel (1 mg) was instilled 6 h later. In both groups, if labour had not established 24 h after admission, intravenous oxytocin was given in escalating doses.Main outcome measures PROM to delivery interval, oxytocin augmentation, mode of delivery, maternal and neonatal infective morbidity.Results There was a significant reduction in the PROM to delivery interval in the women managed actively with PGE2 gel and fewer women in the PGE2 group required oxytocin augmentation (31%vs 51%). The two managements groups were comparable for intrapartum analgesia, antibiotic treatment, babies requiring admission to the special care nursery unit and delivery by caesarean section.Conclusion The early use of prostaglandin is associated with a significant reduction in PROM to delivery interval without a significant increase in infective morbidity or caesarean section rate. However, the advantages of the conservative approach should not be overlooked. More work is still needed in the management of those women where uterine activity fails to establish within 24 h after PROM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 90 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Fetal scalp blood lactate was measured during labour by a simple, rapid method and its value as an indicator of fetal intrauterine hypoxia was assessed and compared with that of pH measurement. The normal ranges of lactate concentration and of pH values were calculated. Significantly higher concentrations of lactate and lower pH values were found in samples of scalp blood taken close to delivery from babies with Apgar scores of ≤6 at 1 min compared with those from healthy babies with Apgar scores of ≥7 at 1 min. A similarly significant difference was observed between the cord blood lactate and pH values of these two groups of babies. Ominous fetal heart rate patterns were associated with higher lactate concentrations and lower pH values in fetal scalp blood than were normal fetal heart rate patterns. The measurement of fetal scalp blood lactate or pH, or continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring were equally good at predicting the condition of the infant at birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 3984-3987 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The use of a convergent beam to excite guided modes in a liquid crystal layer in order to determine the director profile is described. The technique has two main advantages over the conventional collimated beam procedure. First, the convergent beam guided mode (CBGM) technique uses a highly focused beam spot that simultaneously excites many guided modes and produces reflectivity data over a wide angle range. Such reflectivity can be captured in milliseconds with a charge coupled device array and can therefore potentially be used to study cell dynamics. Second, the CBGM technique removes the need to rotate the liquid crystal cell and consequently the focused beam remains completely stationary on the liquid crystal layer, allowing examination of single pixels. The work presented here is a demonstration of the CBGM technique via a study of the static director profile of a homogeneously aligned nematic (E7) liquid crystal layer. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1954-1958 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The transmission of linear tapered silica-glass capillaries is calculated both numerically and analytically for photon energies in the vacuum-ultraviolet region (10–200 eV). The channeling factor C (ratio of transmitted to line-of-sight flux) is given to a good approximation by 2γ/β, where β is the taper angle and γ is a characteristic decay angle determined entirely by the optical constants. The angular divergence (FWHM) of the output flux is 2.4 (βγ)1/2, and the useful length of the capillary is 2dγβ−3/2, where d is the diameter of the exit aperture. Experimental measurements of photoemission spectra on Au samples using tapered capillaries attached to the end of a conventional resonance lamp confirm these expectations. Channeling factors greater than 103 should be achievable with submicron values of d.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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