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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Central noradrenergic innervation ; Rat spinal cord ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Monoamine oxidase staining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The origin of the spinal cord noradrenaline (NA) has been investigated by means of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method, combined with monoamine oxidase staining (Glenner) to identify the NA neurons. Following the injection of HRP to the various levels of rat spinal cord, cervical to sacral cord, A1–3, 5–7 NA neuron groups were labeled with HRP. They showed almost the same distribution pattern regardless of difference in the injected segment. Labeled NA neurons in A6 were concentrated in the ventral division of the locus coeruleus, which continued to the labeled NA neurons in the subcoeruleus area. The HRP positive neurons in the pons outnumbered those of the medulla oblongata. As the NA neurons described above were considered to be the source of NA in the forebrain, such as the hypothalamus and preoptic area, the possibility that the same NA neurons might innervate both the forebrain and spinal cord has been presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Substance P (SP) ; POM ; vlAH ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distribution of substance P (SP)-positive fibers in the medial preoptic area (POM) of the rat and their origins were examined using indirect immunofluorescence. A very high density of SP-positive fibers was seen in the POM throughout its entire rostro-caudal extent. However, the distribution of these fibers was not even; the highest density was detected in the medial part of the POM, with less dense but still numerous fibers in the lateral part. On the other hand, in this area a small number of SP-positive cells could be found; a few cells were scattered in the rostral part and, in the caudal part, several cells could be seen in the ventral part of the POM. The origins of SP-positive fibers in the POM were experimentally examined. Since the destruction of the ventro-lateral part of the anterior hypothalamus (vlAH), where numerous SP-positive cells were seen, resulted in a marked decrease of SP-positive fibers in the POM on the operated side, the majority of these fibers may originate from SP-positive cells in the vlAH. The fine structure of SP-positive terminals in the POM were investigated by electron-microscopic immunohistochemical techniques. Immunoreactive terminals contained a few large granular vesicles together with numerous small vesicles, and they made synaptic contacts mainly with dendrites which were devoid of immunoreactive materials. Two different synaptic contacts could be distinguished: one asymmetrical (Gray's type I) and the other symmetrical (Gray's type II), with the latter being predominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 181-192 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Locus ceruleus ; Cerulo-cortical tract ; Ascending reticular fiber ; Rat ; Fink-Heimer method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to demonstrate the ascending projection from the locus ceruleus by degeneration silver method, the nucleus was destroyed unilaterally in rats and the brains were stained by a modified Fink-Heimer method following various survival times. Additional experiments included the bilateral destruction of the locus ceruleus and the administration of 6-OH-DOPA. For the demonstration of degenerated terminals in the cerebral cortex it is essential to choose an optimal survival time of 4 or 5 days, keep the time of fixation below 1 week, and perform treatments with permanganate and with silver at 37°C. The trajectory and distribution of the cerulo-cortical tract as revealed by the silver degeneration methods is in agreement with the results of the histofluorescence method, with some minor differences. The ascending fibers run through Forel's tegmental fascicle, turn rostro-ventrally to the subthalamus, enter and cross the internal capsule, pass through the ventral part of the caudate-putamen and distribute to the entire cerebral cortex. The tract is mainly ipsilateral, though some fibers are crossing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Afferent connection ; Lower brain stem ; Hypothalamus ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Histofluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Attempts were made to determine the afferent projections to the anterior hypothalamus including the preoptic area from the lower brain stem by means of the horseradish peroxidase method combined with monoamine oxidase staining to identify noradrenaline (NA) neurons. In addition to this technique, a histofluorescence analysis was performed. NA fibers in the medial part of the anterior hypothalamus were mainly supplied by A1 and A2 NA neuron groups, while the lateral part and periventricular zone received NA terminals from both pontine and medulla oblongata NA neuron groups. Furthermore, the present study indicated that there were direct projections to the anterior hypothalamus from non-noradrenergic neurons in the lower brain stem: nuclei raphe dorsalis, centralis superior, cells in the mesencephalic and pontine central gray matter, nuclei parabrachialis lateralis and medialis, cells around fasciculus longitudinalis medialis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Olivocochlear bundle ; Retrograde axonal transport ; Immunohistochemistry ; Biotin-wheat germ agglutinin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The origins of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive (CGRPI) fibers in the cochlea were examined in rats. Parasagittal transection of the brain just medial to the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus resulted in the ipsilateral disappearance of CGRPI fibers in the cochlea, indicating that the origins of these fibers lie in the central nervous system. Next, we used a highly sensitive method combining retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry to identify the origins of the CGRPI fibers in the cochlea. After injection of biotin-wheat germ agglutinin (b-WGA) into the cochlea, CGRPI neurons in the ipsilateral lateral superior olivary nucleus also contained b-WGA granules. These findings indicated tht CGRPI efferent fibers are major components of the olivocochlear bundle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Enkephalin ; Projection ; Medial preoptic area ; Arcuate nucleus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Double-staining method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the distribution of fibers with leucine-enkephalin — like immunoreactivity (L-ENKI) in the medial preoptic area (MPO) of the rat, and the origins of such fibers, using indirect immunofluorescence and a combination of a retrograde tracer with immunocytochemistry that we have developed. These fibers were very dense throughout the rostro-caudal part of the MPO. The distribution was uneven with the highest density in the lateral part. Destruction of the arcuate nucleus, which contains a group of L-ENKI neurons, resulted in the marked reduction of these fibers in the ipsilateral MPO, suggesting that most of these fibers originate in this nucleus. This was also suggested by the fact that injection of biotin-wheat germ agglutinin into the MPO labelled many neurons in the arcuate nucleus ipsilaterally. Simultaneous staining with antiserum showed that some of these neurons are L-ENKI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Medial forebrain bundle ; Ascending components ; Descending components ; HRP ; Sensitive substrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ascending and descending components of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) were investigated by means of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with a sensitive substrate. The HRP was injected iontophoretically into the MFB at various levels from the anterior commissure to the posterior hypothalamus. In order to prevent the diffusion of HRP to other brain areas, a double micropipette system was used. The descending components of the MFB are derived from (1) the anterior cingulate area, infra- or prelimbic area, and sulcal cortex, (2) the lateral septal nucleus and diagonal band, (3) the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, (4) the paraventricular nucleus (5) the substantia innominata, (6) the amygdaloid complex (AM), (7) the ventromedial (VM) and dorsomedial (DM) hypothalamic nuclei, (8) the entopeduncular nucleus and (9) nucleus periventricularis stellatocellularis. The ascending components of the MFB originate in: (1) the medial preoptic nucleus, (2) the nucleus periventricularis stellatocellularis and rotundocellularis, (3) the posterior hypothalamic nucleus, (4) the parafascicular nucleus, (5) the ventral premammillary nucleus, (6) the substantia grisea periventricularis, (7) the lateral habenular nucleus, (8) the VM and DM, (9) the paratenial nucleus, (10) the AM and (11) the arcuate nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Enkephalin projection ; Bed nucleus of stria terminalis ; Central amygdaloid nucleus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Double-staining method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The destruction of th central amygdaloid nucleus (Ce), which contains a large group of neurons with leucine-enkephalin (L-ENK)-like immunoreactivity (L-ENKI), resulted in a marked ipsilateral reduction of these fibers in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) suggesting that L-ENKI neurons in the Ce project ipsilaterally to the BST. This was supported by the finding that injection of biotin-wheat germ agglutinin into the BST labeled many neurons in the Ce. Simultaneous staining with antiserum showed that some of these neurons are L-ENKI. The L-ENKI fibers from the Ce reach the BST via two pathways; one from the ventral amygdalofugal pathway (VA), which terminate in the ventral subdivision of the BST pars lateralis (BSTL), and the other from the stria terminalis (ST), which terminates in the lateral subdivision of the BSTL, because (1) accumulation of L-ENKI structures appeared in the axons of these two systems on the amygdaloid side, (2) transection or destruction of the ST alone caused only a slight reduction of ENKI fibers in the lateral subdivision of the BSTL ipsilaterally and (3) transection or destruction of VA alone markedly reduced the number of L-ENKI fibers in the ventral subdivision of the ipsilateral BSTL. Thus, the VA L-ENKI fiber system is the major source of L-ENKI fibers in the ventral subdivision, while the ST L-ENKI fiber system is a minor source of the L-ENKI fibers in the lateral subdivision. The presence of an intrinsic L-ENKI system in the BST which may innervate the lateral subdivision was also suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 57 (1985), S. 537-546 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Substance P ; Facial nucleus ; Medullary reticular formation ; Axo-dendritic contacts ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution, origin and fine structure of substance P-like immunoreactive (SPI) nerve terminals in the facial nucleus of the rat were investigated by means of immunocytochemistry. SPI-terminals were concentrated in the intermediate and dorsal subnuclei of the facial nucleus. Hemi-transection of the brainstem just rostral to the facial nucleus or at the most caudal level of the medulla oblongata did not cause any change of SPI-terminals in the facial nucleus. Electrical destruction of the various parts of the medulla oblongata clearly demonstrated that SPI-terminals in the intermediate subnucleus were supplied contralaterally from the SPI-neurons in the dorsomedial part of the medullary reticular formation. Most of the SPI-terminals (85%) in the intermediate subnucleus of the facial nucleus were observed to make asymmetric synaptic contacts with large dendrites (mean diameter; 1.26 μm). It was supposed that the contact sites are located on proximal parts of the dendrite. A few SPI-terminals (6%) formed axo-somatic contacts with large perikarya filled with numerous cytoplasmic organelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Glutamate-specific antiserum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Primary sensory neurons ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We found that large cells in the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia contained glutamate-like immunoreactivity. Immunoreactive neurons were not detected in the superior cervical or pterygopalatine ganglia. These findings indicated that glutamate is a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator of large cells of sensory ganglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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