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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 217-222 (May 1996), p. 1383-1388 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words 6β-Hydroxycortisol ; Cortisol ; Circadian rhythm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Chronopharmacokinetics of drugs metabolized by cytochrome P 450 3A (CYP3A) has been reported recently; however, little is studied on intra-individual circadian variation in CYP3A activity in human. The aim of this study was to assess the intra-individual diurnal variation and day-to-day variation of the urinary 6β-hydroxycortisol to cortisol ratio, a noninvasive index of human CYP3A activity. Methods: Urine samples from ten healthy Japanese men were collected over four time intervals (0900 hours to 1300 hours, 1300 hours to 1700 hours, 1700 hours to 2100 hours and 2100 hours to 0900 hours) on days 1, 5 and 14 to verify diurnal variation, and 24-h urine was collected to study day-to-day variation over 2 weeks. Urinary 6β-hydroxycortisol and cortisol were determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–mass spectrometry. Results: The ratio of urinary 6β-hydroxycortisol to cortisol exhibited noteworthy diurnal variation intra-individually; 2.8-fold on average. However, day-do-day intra-individual variation of the ratio was not observed over 2 weeks; the coefficient of variation was 11.9 ± 3.0%. Conclusion: The result indicates that imprudent use of random urine has a great risk of false evaluation in assessment of the 6β-hydroxycortisol to cortisol ratio and that the ratio in 24-h urine samples provides a more robust measure of the inter-individual difference of this metabolic ratio, which to a certain but not complete extent represents the CYP3A activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 323-324 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; fluoroquinolones ; drug interaction ; renal excretion ; pharmacokinetics ; clearance ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 431-432 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; fluoroquinolones ; drug interaction ; pharmacokinetics ; ofloxacin ; norfloxacin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pretreatment for 3 days with oral ofloxacin or norfloxacin had no significant effect on the disposition of a single i.v. dose the theophylline in healthy volunteers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 161-165 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; enoxacin ; ofloxacin ; norfloxacin ; drug metabolism/interaction ; hepatic P-450
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of three new fluoroquinolones on theophylline kinetics and the urinary excretion of metabolites was studied in 5 healthy subjects (3 male, 2 female). All subjects received serial, single i.v. infusions of theophylline (aminophylline, 250 mg) over 60 min after 200 mg doses of a quinolone (enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin) every 8 h for 3 consecutive days, the quinolone being administered up to the day following theophylline administration. Pretreatment with ofloxacin and norfloxacin did not influence theophylline disposition, but theophylline clearance fell from 0.054 to 0.027 l·h−1·kg−1 in the presence of enoxacin, without a change in the apparent volume of distribution. Enoxacin, too, was the sole compound to increase the urinary excretion of theophylline (33.2 vs 43.9 mg, before vs after treatment), and significantly to decrease the excretion of 3-methylxanthine (3-MX), 1-methyluric acid (1-MU) and 1,3-dimethyluric acid (1,3-DMU) in 24-h urine samples (from 19.8 to 7.16 mg, from 28.3 to 10.3 mg and from 68.8 to 49.5 mg, respectively). The effect of the quinolones on hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activity was investigated in each subject using the ratios of 6-hydroxycortisol to total 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and to free cortisol in 24-h urines as an index of the hepatic P-450-dependent enzyme system. No significant difference in ratio was observed between control and other treatments. It is concluded that the theophylline-enoxacin interaction was largely due to inhibition of a metabolic system other than the common hepatic P-450 system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Y-25510 ; Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Y-25510 was administered by means of an intravenous drip infusion to healthy adult male volunteers at a dose of 40, 80 or 160 mg in a single-dose study, and at a dose of 160 mg once a day for 7 days in a multiple-dose study. Results: Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly increased, but there was no change in leukocyte and platelet counts. The peak serum concentration of IL-1β was nearly maximum at the single doses of 40 and 80 mg, and at the multiple dose of 160 mg per day. The peak serum concentration of IL-6 increased in a dose-dependent manner at a dose of 40 mg or more. For the multiple-dose study, the serum level of IL-10, which remained unchanged in the placebo group, began to increase in the Y-25510 group following the maximum serum level of IL-1β and IL-6. There were no clinically relevant differences in body temperature and blood pressure after the administration of Y-25510. Conclusion: These findings that leukocyte and platelet counts never increased, despite the increment of the IL-1β and IL-6 production after the administration of Y-25510, may be explained in part by the negative feedback mechanism induced by IL-10.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) ; hyponatremia ; subarachnoid haemorrhage ; cerebral salt wasting syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Measurement of plasma alpha-humanANP (ANP) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in 28 cases with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) was carried out, and then compared with control subjects who were infused with hypertonic saline. In cases with hyponatremia (HN), statistical correlation between control subjects and cases without HN was not evident with regards to ANP and plasma osmolality (Posm), excreted fraction of filtrated sodium (FENa) and urinary Na/K. Furthermore, they secreted supernumerarilly in spite of HN. Cases with HN were further subdivided into two groups, they were those cases with negative total sodium balance at the time of appearance of HN, and those cases without total negative sodium balance. In the former, central venous pressure had a tendency to decrease, however, secretion of ANP and ADH was statistically not different in either groups. It appears that ANP regulated urinary sodium excretion against an osmotic or sodium load acts as a maintenance of homeostasis as an osmotic regulator. Cases with HN in which secretion of ADH was physiological, ANP secreted supernumerarilly in spite of hypoosmonaemia and hypovolaemia. Our findings may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes leading to hyponatremia in cases with cerebral disorders, and may help to improve the treatment possibilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Intracranial aneurysm ; subarachnoid haemorrhage ; cerebrospinal fluid ; lactic acidosis ; cisternal drainage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cisternal and/or ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and arterial blood lactate and acid-base balance were measured serially in 38 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Based on daily clinical assessment, the patients and accordingly the samples were divided into two groups according to the grading of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (W.F.N.S.). In cisternal CSF, samples of Grade III–V showed significantly higher lactic acidosis than those of Grade I–II. The time course of lactate and pH in poor prognosis groups had a significant tendency of lactic acidosis, especially on the 5th, 6th, 7th day after SAH. Ventricular CSF lactate increased even without CSF acidosis in Groups III–V. Measurement of CSF lactate, especially from the cisterna magna is useful as an indicator of prognosis and changes of intracranial environment following SAH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 353-354 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 50 (1979), S. 293-298 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Fibromuscular dysplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report a case diagnosed angiographically as fibromuscular dysplasia. Initially there was a “string of beads” appearance. Two months later tubular stenosis was also apparent, and the clinical picture had progressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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