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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 6 (1980), S. 121-121 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy Section 26 (1970), S. 541-544 
    ISSN: 0584-8539
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy Section 25 (1969), S. 207-217 
    ISSN: 0584-8539
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 20 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sensitization to house dust mites, storage mites and other common inhalation allergens was studied in 144 farmers using SPT and RAST. The study population was selected from a random sample of 808 farmers and consisted of 47 persons who had declared themselves to suffer from asthma, 63 persons who had reported respiratory symptoms, and 34 healthy persons without respiratory symptoms. The most prevalent RAST was towards storage mites and was found in 17% of farmers who suffered from asthma and was estimated to occur in 5% of the random sample of farmers. A positive RAST to house dust mites was found in 17% of farmers who reported to suffer from asthma. Sensitization to pollens, animal dander and grain species was rare. A positive RAST to moulds was not found. There was a strong association between a positive RAST to house dust mites and a positive RAST to storage mites (odds ratio 21.0). A positive RAST to storage mites was significantly associated with living in a dwelling in the past which was recalled as damp (odds ratio 4.9). A high number of house dust mites was found in nearly all dwellings (median count 148 mites/0.1 g dust) and a high number of storage mites was found in some dwellings. This study suggests that in humid and temperate regions of Europe, allergy to storage mites in farmers is not caused exclusively by occupational exposure but damp housing conditions and indoor exposure to storage mites may also be important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 10 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The efficacy and safety of a new orally-active chromone, proxicromil, has been assessed in a single-blind controlled study in perennial extrinsic asthma. Patients entered into the study were currently requiring treatment with sodium cromoglycate (Intal; Lomudal) which was confirmed by deterioration of their asthma when changed to a placebo preparation of identical appearance. Proxicromil was administered for two consecutive 3-week periods using a dosage regimen of 18 mg twice per day for the first period followed by 18 mg four times per day for the second period. Patients improved during the 6 weeks' treatment with proxicromil. This improvement could be detected by the majority of patients by the end of the first week. When patient treatment was changed to a corresponding placebo for a final period of three weeks their asthma deteriorated. No abnormal laboratory findings of significance were detected on haematological, liver function or urinalysis examination. The side effects noted relate mainly to gastro-intestinal disturbances and generally were of a mild nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The rationale for using topical corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is that high drug concentrations can be achieved at receptor sites in the nasal mucosa, with minimal risk of systemic adverse effects. Topical corticosteroids have been demonstrated to reduce the number of Langerhans' cells (or their markers) in the nasal mucosa, and this is thought to attenuate antigen presentation. T lymphocytes have been identified as being significant in orchestrating the immune-inflammatory response, particularly the TH2 cells, which represent an important target for topical corticosteroids. TH2 cell-evoked mast cells and basophils are the sole producers of histamine, a mediator of major importance for rhinitis symptoms. Several studies have shown that the increased number of mast cells and basophils in the epithelium following antigen challenge/exposure, are markedly reduced by topical corticosteroids. Furthermore, the number of eosinophils, an important morphological marker of allergic rhinitis, can be profoundly reduced by treatment with topical corticosteroids. The rationale for topical treatment is strengthened by evidence of inhibition of cytokine release from surface epithelial cells, resulting in reduced recruitment and activation of mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils, which may be attributed to the high drug concentration achieved in epithelial cells. Ongoing inflammation in the mucous membrane is indicated by entry of plasma into the nasal lumen which subsides with the anti-inflammatory efficacy of topical corticosteroids. In contrast to anlihistamine therapy, which has little effect on nasal blockage, pretreatment with topical corticosteroids results in almost complete attenuation of late-phase symptoms including nasal blockage, and moderate efficacy in early phase symptoms. Clearly, the spectrum of anti-inflammatory activity afforded by topical corticosteroid therapy is of clinical significance in reducing the three major symptoms of allergic rhinitis — sneezing, watery rhinorrhoea and nasal blockage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Atopy is closely associated with the cellular T helper type-2 (Th2) phenotype, that is dominated by the pleiotrophic cytokine IL-4. The cellular source of IL-4 has yet to be determined, although basophils have been proposed. Eosinophils and mast cells are likely contenders investigated here, and the eosinophil-like leukaemia line AML14.3D10 is compared to eosinophils as an in vitro culturable model for eosinophils. Lectins can cross-link-specific surface glycoproteins and are found in the ingested (processed foods) and inhaled (airborne pollen grains) human environment. Therefore it is of interest to determine whether lectins can elicit the release of IL-4 from Th2-associated granulocytes other than basophils.Method This study investigated the ability of eosinophils, AML14.3D10 and mast cells to secrete preformed IL-4 in response to stimulation with lectins, and explored molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction.Results Purified eosinophils and basophils, and cultured mast cells and AML14.3D10 cells were incubated with 1 µm lectin. Agglutination was scored by microscopy. IL-4 secretion was measured by enayme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biotinylated lectins were used to determine binding to cells by flow cytometry and in lectin blots of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) gels.Discussion Purified human eosinophils, AML14.3D10 cells and cultured mast cells secrete IL-4 with a pattern similar to that found in basophils when stimulated with a panel of reactive and unreactive lectins. The lectin SNA induces IL-4 secretion from mast cells and basophils, but not from eosinophils or AML14.3D10. Eosinophils appear to secrete only pre-formed IL-4, whereas mast cells may synthesize IL-4 on ligation with the lectin LCA. Lectins that agglutinate the granulocytes investigated do not necessarily induce secretion of IL-4. Lectins that elicit secretion of IL-4 bind more to eosinophils than unreactive lectins as determined by flow cytometry and lectin blotting of SDS gels.Conclusion As granulocytes with functions related to that of basophils, eosinophils, AML14.3D10 and cultured mast cells respond to stimulation with lectins similarly to basophils. This emphasizes the possibility that eosinophils and mast cells may be linked in their cellular heritage as the cellular partners, and lectins as ligands, may contribute to the maintenance of a Th2-favoured microenvironment that is thought to underlie the allergic march.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 8 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In five patients who exhibited allergic reactions, four with asthma and one with angioneurotic oedema, to orally administered soybean flour, the protective effect of orally administered sodium cromoglycate has been investigated. Protection from reactions in soybean provocation tests has been achieved with doses ranging from 400 mg to 600 mg given four times daily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to study the pathophysiology of allergic airway disease and its response to pharmacotherapy, allergic and non-allergic provocation challenge techniques can be employed. Lower airway challenge has been used widely, but the use of nasal challenge is becoming more widespread as its advantages are realized. New measurement techniques are also being used (e.g. acoustic rhinometry), along with more classical methods such as spirometry, peak airflow rate and symptom scores, to determine the response to challenge. In the lungs, allergen challenge produces a biphasic response, which is less clearly defined in the nose. Topical histamine challenge closely resembles the effects of an allergic reaction and acts by stimulating sensory nerve endings. Methacholine is also often used for nasal challenge (often in addition to histamine), due to its effects on glandular sensitivity. Exercise induces bronchoconstriction in asthmatics and can be imitated by inhalation of cold, dry air. Cold air induces glandular hypersecretion and nasal discharge in normal subjects, which is increased in severity in rhinitic patients. Drug effect investigations using antihistamines have shown that histamine is important in producing the symptom of sneezing, whereas nasal blockage is due to vasodilatation rather than plasma exudation and oedema. β2-agonists reduce allergen-induced symptoms by stabilizing mast cells, whereas cholinoceptor antagonists reduce watery nasal secretion. Increased responsiveness of sensory nerves and nasal glands is a characteristic clinical feature of asthma and rhinitis, which is responsible for the symptomatology. These effects can be reduced by topical corticosteroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Seasonal allergic rhinitis constitutes an excellent in vivo model of an allergic mucosal inflammatory reaction. This offers the opportunity of studying the fundamentals of allergic inflammation in addition to improvement of knowledge on the basal pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. So far, monitoring methods of disease activity and treatment efficacy have mainly been based upon subjective assessments, illustrating the impact of introducing reliable objective methods.Objective To investigate the allergic inflammatory reaction of seasonal rhinitis through different objective methods and evaluate these as indicators of disease activity and treatment efficacy.Methods Functional parameters, i.e. acoustic rhinometry and nasal metacholine challenge, and biological markers, i.e. blood eosinophil count, eosinophil cationic protein in serum (s-ECP) and nasal lavage fluid (n-ECP), were assessed before and at peak pollen season in 27 patients with grass pollen induced rhinitis. Patients were randomized to either nasal corticosteroid or placebo treatment and recorded nasal symptom scores.Results Acoustic rhinometry revealed a significant difference in favour of steroid treatment (P 〈 0.05) comparing nasal volumes before and during season. This difference primarily relied upon a decrease in the placebo group (P= 0.05). A reduction from baseline of s-ECP in the steroid group (P 〈 0.01) was obtained. N-ECP demonstrated a difference between treatment groups, although not significant. Symptom scores increased in all patients during the pollen season, although this was only significant in the placebo treated patients (P 〈 0.01). The remaining methods applied did not demonstrate further differences, either within or between treatment groups.Conclusion Our results demonstrate acoustic rhinometry to be a sensitive and objective method of assessment of nasal obstruction. Furthemore, acoustic rhinometry and s-ECP reflect the impact of nasal steroid therapy on seasonal allergic rhinitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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