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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of hot electrons in electron-cyclotron-resonance ion sources (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 2662-2670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The hot electrons in the plasma of an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source are investigated by three passive diagnostics: bremsstrahlung, electron cyclotron emission, and diamagnetism. For this type of plasma the feasibility of the second diagnostic is an innovative development, as is the simultaneous use of two independent plasma diagnostics for either steady-state or transient experiments. In the steady-state experiments the bremsstrahlung and the electron cyclotron emission are interpreted by comparing the experimental spectra with simulated spectra calculated for the first time from a non-Maxwellian electron distribution. The "perpendicular temperatures'' obtained by the two diagnostics are in good agreement. In the transient experiments the electron cyclotron emission and the diamagnetic signals are recorded to study the electron density and the electron lifetime. All these experiments performed using the Minimafios ion source working at 18 GHz with oxygen gas demonstrate trends and saturation effects when the gas injection pressure and the radio-frequency power are varied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357563
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results and interpretation of high frequency experiments at 28 GHz in ECR ion sources, future prospects : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 509-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the needs of future heavy ion accelerators, electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs) should be able to deliver higher intensities and higher charge states. The 1e mA level intensity has already been reached by room temperature ECRIS for medium charge states of light elements (O6+, Ar8+). However, such level of intensity for heavy elements (like Pb27+ for CERN/LHC and GSI) requires more powerful ECRIS with higher electron densities (up to 1013 cm−3). On the other hand, an optimized magnetic configuration system has to be used in order to obtain the suitable compromise between the electron confinement and the high flux ion losses. Before the design of the future "high intensity ECRIS," experiments have been performed with the superconducting SERSE source both at 18 and 28 GHz. After an overview of major results recently obtained, some scaling laws will be presented. Our results show that much larger intensities and charges can be reached with ECRIS. Then, we will show how the next ECRIS generation will look like, based on the scaling laws derived in the above-mentioned experiments. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1429313
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Summary of the performances of the superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source at 14 GHz (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 4082-4085 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This article deals with the most recent performance of the superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (SERSE) working at 14 GHz with high magnetic fields after the required conditioning and optimization of several operating parameters. SERSE has now achieved an outstanding level of performance in delivering highly charged ion beams in argon and oxygen gases: the results obtained while operating in a stainless steel chamber and with an aluminum liner are shown and discussed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149254
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source and scaling laws : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1100-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The heating and confinement of electrons in an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (ECRIS) plasma is described: the single particle motion in a magnetic beach is presented, showing the role of the rf wave magnetic field in the electron losses. This effect can be approximately modeled by a Fokker–Planck quasilinear equation in velocity space. This modeling is discussed and numerical results are presented. The behavior of the wave close to resonance is analyzed, taking into account the thermal motion of the electrons. The role of the different design parameters (including rf frequency) is shown and the major ingredients for the design of an efficient ECRIS for multiply charged ions production are summarized. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148588
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Quadrumafios electron cyclotron resonance ion source: Presentation and analysis of the resultsa) (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1714-1717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Quadrumafios electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) has been especially designed to permit physical studies of the plasma; this paper describes the source itself (which has been operated at 10 GHz in a first step), its preliminary performances, and the different diagnostics involved, which mainly concern the electron population (ECE, x rays, diamagnetism, microwave interferometer, and electron analyzer). The results are presented and discussed: There is of course a close relationship between the parameters of the plasma and the performances of the source; this point will be discussed in the article.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144864
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion behavior and gas mixing in electron cyclotron resonance plasmas as sources of highly charged ions (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 4772-4779 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This article deals with ion behavior in small open-ended magnetic devices, the electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS) that were developed for multicharged ion production. The ECRIS are basically ECR-heated plasma confinement machines with hot electrons and cold ions. The main parameters of the ion population in ECRIS plasmas are successively analyzed: temperature, collisions, losses, confinement times, followed by the gas mixing effect, a specific technique to improve the performance as an ion source. A series of experiments is described for the systematic analysis of this effect. It is experimentally shown that high charge state optimization by gas mixing results from an ion confinement time improvement due to ion cooling, and relies on a compromise between three criteria, ion losses, mass effect, and ionization rates. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371442
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hot electron studies in the Minimafios ECR ion source (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2844-2846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The experimental data obtained by three different measurements related to the hot electron population involved in ion stripping in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS), i.e., electron cyclotron emission, bremsstrahlung x-ray radiation, and diamagnetism are presented and shortly discussed. The volume-averaged electron energy essentially depends upon the working pressure, and does not vary much with the rf power, at least above 200 W. The main effect of increasing the rf power is to raise the electron density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142772
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma diagnosis related to ion sources (invited) : Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Ion Sources (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2676-2682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The different kinds of ion sources have been most commonly classified according to the extracted beam parameters: ion charge state, energy and current, and beam quality. We adopt here a somewhat different approach: ion sources are usually plasma sources where each component (ionic as well as electronic) plays an important role. This article deals with the experimental techniques which can be used to get information on the plasma state of an ion source. In Section II the interest of the different plasma parameters is discussed. Section III describes a few well-known techniques of plasma diagnostics; examples of their applications on ion sources or related devices are given and limitations of these existing techniques are discussed. Section IV presents some of the work that is needed to get a more accurate description of the plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143806
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of computational physics in the design of ECRIS : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1145-1148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS) are sophisticated plasma devices, with a complex magnetic structure. The designer of an ECRIS usually solves the following problems: (i) the conception of an efficient magnetic structure; (ii) the design of an efficient extraction system. To solve the first problem numerical codes are either free or commercially available; we briefly summarize the characteristics of these codes, with particular emphasis on cryogenic devices. The second problem is much more tricky, since it is not only an electrostatic problem, as it also involves the plasma. Different codes are, however, able to treat the problem, with some assumptions concerning the plasma; these assumptions are discussed. These codes can be very useful for the new ECRIS generation, where the current densities become very high. But today there is no program available for the calculation of the charge state distribution of the ions, the magnetic structure being given; only the experience of the designer and a certain knowledge of conception rules can lead to some (rough) estimate of the future performances. We present in this paper the first version of such a code, where the input parameters of the code are the technological parameters. These inputs being given, the code solves the self-consistent problem of the plasma creation (through the resonant interaction of the electrons with the wave), the production of the ions and their transport to the extraction zone. The first results of this code are presented and discussed. This article shows that it will be soon possible to have reliable predictions of the performances of an ECRIS. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1430272
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary results of the 14 GHz SERSE superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source working in high-B mode : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 653-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: After the first operation of the SERSE superconducting source assembled with reduced performance coils, the tests of the new SERSE magnetic system were carried out with excellent results. The specifications of the design field were reached and exceeded. The new coils were mounted and SERSE is now able to run at full performance magnetic field. The today's status of the facility, electron cyclotron resonance source and new magnetic configuration, is described. The first tests as a multicharged ion source have just started, and a few preliminary results are given and commented. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148625
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