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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Pigment pattern ; Fin ; Fish skeleton ; Tyrosinase ; Zebrafish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Mutations causing a visible phenotype in the adult serve as valuable visible genetic markers in multicellular genetic model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans and Arabidopsis thaliana. In a large scale screen for mutations affecting early development of the zebrafish, we identified a number of mutations that are homozygous viable or semiviable. Here we describe viable mutations which produce visible phenotypes in the adult fish. These predominantly affect the fins and pigmentation, but also the eyes and body length of the adult. A number of dominant mutations caused visible phenotypes in the adult fish. Mutations in three genes, long fin, another long fin and wanda affected fin formation in the adult. Four mutations were found to cause a dominant reduction of the overall body length in the adult. The adult pigment pattern was found to be changed by dominant mutations in wanda, asterix, obelix, leopard, salz and pfeffer. Among the recessive mutations producing visible phenotypes in the homozygous adult, a group of mutations that failed to produce melanin was assayed for tyrosinase activity. Mutations in sandy produced embryos that failed to express tyrosinase activity. These are potentially useful for using tyrosinase as a marker for the generation of transgenic lines of zebrafish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 19 (1988), S. 193-201 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fracture Mechanical Properties of Metastable AustenitesThe effect of a martensitic tranformation at the crack tip on fracture mechanical properties was investigated with FeNiAl-model alloys. Transformable austenite and martensite obtained by deep-cooling showed a completely different behaviour. The martensite has high yield stress, normal dependence of fracture toughness of specimen diameter, and a low threshold for the start of fatigue crack growth. Characteristic for the metastable austenite is a high work hardening ability (at a low yield stress) by stress-induced martensitic transformation in a zone at the crack tip, which is surrounded by untransformed austenite. This leads to a compressive internal stress, which impedes crack growth. A consequence is a high fracture toughness, which even increases with specimen thickness, and a very high threshold value for fatigue crack growth.Localized stress induced martensitic transformation associated with a positiv volume change can explain the anomalous fracture mechanical properties of the alloys in the metastable austenitic state.
    Notes: Der Einfluß einer martensitischen Umwandlung an der Rißspitze auf bruchmechanische Eigenschaften wurde an FeNiAl-Modellegierungen untersucht. Der umwandlungsfähige Austenit und der durch Tiefkühlen vollständig umgewandelte martensitische Zustand zeigten ein völlig verschiedenes Verhalten. Der Martensit hat eine hohe Streckgrenze, eine normale Dickenabhängigkeit der Bruchzähigkeit und einen besonders niedrigen Schwellwert für den Beginn des Wachstums von Ermüdungsrissen. Bemerkenswert für den metastabilen Austenit ist eine hohe Verfestigungsfähigkeit (bei niedriger Streckgrenze) durch spannungsinduzierte martensitische Umwandlung in einer Zone an der Rißspitze, die von nicht-umgewandeltem Austenit umgeben ist. Dies führt zu einer Druckeigenspannung, die den Rißfortschritt hemmt. Daraus folgt eine hohe Bruchzähigkeit, die mit zunehmender Probendicke sogar weiter ansteigt, und ein besonders hoher Schwellwert für das Wachstum von Ermüdungsrissen. Es wird erörtert, warum in diesem Falle die meisten Regeln für den Zusammenhang von Eigenschaften des Zugversuches un bruchmechanischen Kennwerten nicht gelten.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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