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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Cathepsin B ; Cysteine proteinase ; Gingival Crevicular fluid ; Periodontitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1), a typical lysosomal cysteine proteinase was identified immunologically with anti-human cathepsin B antibody in inflammatory exudate, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of adult periodontitis patients. The sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) system initially developed, was rarely influenced by the presence of endogenous, cysteine proteinase inhibitors, cystatin(s), indicating that it is possible to quantify the gross amount of cathepsin B including free enzyme forms and enzyme-inhibitor complex forms using this EIA system. The cathepsin B levels in, GCF as determined by EIA and the activity measured with Z-Arg-Arg-MCA showed positive and significant correlation with various clinical parameters. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that the molecular form was a 29 kDa mature enzyme. More than 95% of Z-Arg-Arg-MCA hydrolytic activity in each GCF sample was inhibited by CA-074, specific inhibitor of cathepsin B. These results strongly suggested that the gross amount of cathepsin B in GCF as well as its activity level is closely associated with the severity of the disease and that cathepsins B play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: HTLV-I ; Tropical spastic paraparesis ; Chronic progressive myelopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An autopsy case of human T lymphotropic virus I-associated myelopathy (HAM) of a duration of 28 years in a 61-year-old man with serological confirmation of HTLV-I infection was reported. The spinal cord was grossly atrophic. There was severe symmetrical degeneration of the lateral funiculi, particularly of the bilateral pyramidal tracts, involving all levels of the spinal cord, but anterior horn cells were relatively well preserved. In the most severely damaged middle and lower thoracic segments, the white matter degeneration also involved the anterior funiculi. In the degenerated white matter, both the myelin and axons were equally lost and had been replaced by glial scars. Marked adventitial fibrosis was commonly seen in small parenchymal vessls in both the white and gray matter. Although there was no evidence of inflammation in the spinal cord, mild lymphocytic infiltration was occasionally observed in the subarachnoid and perivascular spaces in the brain stem, cerebellum and cerebrum. This case was considered as a burnt-out case of HAM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 59 (1983), S. 316-318 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Intracytoplasmic inclusions ; Thalamus ; Young mice ; Neurofilament
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal intracytoplasmic inclusions were found in the ventrolateral and posterior nuclei of the thalamus of 3-month-old thiamine-deficient mice and quaking mice. An electron-microscopic study revealed that these inclusions were composed of condensation of parallel rectilinear 10-nm filaments with interconnecting cross-bridges as a hallmark of neurofilaments. They were morphologically indistinguishable from those described in aged mice. This observation indicates that neuronal inclusions in the thalamus, which have been constantly reported in aging mice, can be seen even in young mice in the presence of cellular metabolic disturbances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 68 (1985), S. 155-159 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hamartoma ; Heterotopia ; Hydrocephalus ; Aqueduct stenosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 35-day-old hydrocephalic infant was found by autopsy to have a small nodular mass protruding into the aqueductal channel. The mass, approximately 2.5 mm in size along the neuroaxis and 1.9 mm in transverse plane, subependymally occupied the roof of the aqueduct. This was thought to be the cause of hydrocephalus in this infant. A review of literature on the subject has not shown any other comparable case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 70 (1986), S. 79-81 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Japanese encephalitis ; Viral antigen ; ABC method ; Neuronophagia ; Glial nodule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Japanese encephalitis virus antigens were immunohistochemically demonstrated in formalin-fixed paraffin sections from an autopsied brain. Glial nodules were always associated with antigen-positive cell debris. Glia shrubs in the cerebellar cortex appeared to be formed along the apical dendrite of Purkinje cells. Most, but not all, of the neurons involved in neuronophagia were viral antigen positive. Antigenic masses were occasionally encountered in the center of so-called acellular plaques. Neurons with strong viral antigens were sporadically found in normal-appearing regions in the thalamus and cerebral cortex. Viral antigens were demonstrable only in neurons and not in glial or vascular endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 74 (1987), S. 84-88 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Nemaline myopathy ; Spinal progressive muscular atrophy ; Motor neuron disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Numerous nemaline bodies were demonstrated in the pectoralis major muscle of an autopsy case of a 52-year-old woman, who died of respiratory failure after having suffered from spinal progressive muscular atrophy for 1 year. Rod-like structures ultrastructurally indistinguishable from classical nemaline bodies were abundant in both normal-appearing and atrophic myofibers of the pectoralis major muscle but not in the appendicular skeletal muscles. Morphometric analysis of spinal anterior horn cells clearly showed severe depopulation of somatic motor neurons in the lower cervical cord segments. The present case may provide further support for the neurogenic nature of nemaline body formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 357-368 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hepatic encephalopathy ; Glutamine synthetase ; Methionine sulfoximine ; Oligodendrocyte ; Astrocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the roles imposed on astrocytes for glutamate metabolism, a specific inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS), methionine sulfoximine (MSO), was repeatedly administered to rats and histopathological changes were correlated with glycogen accumulation and the immunocytochemistry of GS and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Prolonged MSO-loading (every 12 h up to three times, 100–150 mg/kg body weight) brought about the appearance of astrocytes with swollen, watery nuclei reminiscent of Alzheimer II glia chiefly in the neocortex, hippocampus and lateral thalamus after 24 h. Concomitantly, profound accumulation of glycogen ensued in the superficial three layers of the neocortex, hippocampus and pyriform cortex. GS immunoreactivity appeared enhanced in the cortex, hippocampus and lateral thalamus with parallel increase in GFAP immunoreactivity after prolonged treatment. Oligodendrocytes in the diencephalon and brain stem also normally contained GS immunoreactivity. Some animals developed necrotic lesions in the dorsolateral neocortex. The area of glycogen accumulation coincided with the known distribution ofN-methyld-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors and, thus, GS may play important roles in NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate metabolism. The Alzheimer II type changes, however, did not correlate with NMDA-receptor distribution. These results indicate certain regionalizations in the roles of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in glutamate and ammonia metabolisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Major histocompatibility complex ; Ia antigens ; Microglia ; Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Monoclonal antibodies (MRC OX-6 and OX-17) recognized three types of cells expressing Ia antigen during the course of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats. In earlier stages of the disease, in animals with or without paralysis, Ia antigens were mostly localized to subarachnoidal and perivascular lymphocytic and histiocytic cell infiltrates, possibly serving as antigen-presenting cells. On the other hand, in convalescent rats, Ia antigens were expressed in a large number of cells with dendritic processes heavily populating the spinal gray matter. The appearance of these Ia-expressing cells in the convalescent stage coincided with the development of degenerating axon terminals in the spinal gray matter. These Ia-expressing cells possessed morphological features characteristic of microglia and were positive for ML-1 lectin but did not express glial fibrillary acidic protein. Immune electron microscopy disclosed the presence of Ia reaction products in the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane of these cells with dendritic processes, indicating active synthesis of Ia molecules in microglia. In addition, Ia antigens were localized to the cells with ultrastructural features of macrophages. Thus, Ia-expressing cells in EAE seems to play dual roles: the induction of immunological reactions during earlier stages and the participation in reparative processes during convalescence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Major histocompatibility complex class II ; Wallerian degeneration ; Microglia ; Autoimmune disease ; Experimental allergic encephalitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To clarify the implication of the major histocompatibility complex class II (Ia) antigen induction in microglia following Wallerian degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS), experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) was adoptively transferred to Lewis rats in which Ia antigens had been induced in microglia at the sites of Wallerian degeneration. In addition to randomly distributed typical EAE lesions, the recipient rats developed distinct inflammatory lesions in accord with the distribution of Ia-positive microglia; i.e., in the ipsilateral thalamus after cortical cryoinjury, and in the ipsilateral optic nerve, the contralateral optic tract and superior colliculus after unilateral eye ball enucleation. Thus, the EAE locus may be targeted by this approach. The inflammatory response was inducible by transfer of myelin basic protein-stimulated lymphocytes but not by transfer of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated or non-stimulated lymphocytes. When examined using monoclonal antibody surface markers; OX-6 for Ia antigen, W3/13 for pan T lymphocyte and OX-8 for cytotoxic/suppresser T lymphocyte, the types of lymphocytes in these lesions did not differ from those in ordinary EAE lesions in the spinal cord. The potential role of non-immunologically induced Ia-positive cell clusters that serve as a target for autoimmune CNS diseases was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1356-1356 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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