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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Blood glucose ; continuous blood glucose analysis ; diabetes therapy criteria ; unstable diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Individual blood glucose (BG) measurements at selected time points were compared with continuously recorded BG data as criteria of the adequacy of diabetes regulation. Indices reflecting the adequacy of diabetes regulation have previously been developed from continuously monitored BG measurements during studies under standardized near-normal living conditions. These indices are: (1) mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), (2) diurnal mean blood glucose (MBG), (3) mean of daily differences of paired BG values (MODD). Because of the intensive studies necessary to obtain these indices, approximations based on individual BG measurements which might easily be obtained in practice were sought. The BG value 80 min after breakfast correlated best with the MAGE. The average of the fasting BG value and the value at 80 min after breakfast correlated well with the MBG. These individual BG measurements distinguished the groups of subjects. The difference between fasting BG values on successive days (AFBG) correlated well with the MODD. However, unlike MODD itself, AFBG did not distinguish the groups of subjects. Some other selected BG values with different timing were nearly equally highly correlated with these three criteria of BG behavior. Thus, relatively few but critically timed BG measurements on successive days, with suitable urinary glucose measurements, during standardized therapeutic programs may serve as an index of the efficacy of the therapy. By these same means, the characteristics of the patient's diabetes might also be assessed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Blood glucose variability ; Continuous blood glucose analysis ; Insulin therapy ; Unstable diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'analyse continue de la glycémie pendant deux périodes successives de 24 heures a permis d'établir la différence entre les valeurs couplées du glucose sanguin pour chaque période, au cours de 22 études chez 7 diabétiques instables, 3 diabétiques stables et 3 sujets normaux. Chez les diabétiques instables, la moyenne absolue des différences quotidiennes (MADQ) était élevée (36.6 à 158.1 mg/100 ml), intermédiaire chez les diabétiques stables (10.2 à 35.1 mg/100 ml) et basse chez les sujets normaux (6.2 à 8.2 mg/100 ml). La MADQ mesurait les changements de la glycémie dus aux variations quotidiennes de la réponse au traitement, lequel était aussi constant que possible. Dans six expériences, l'augmentation intentionnelle du traitement, par l'injection d'insuline rapide 4 fois par jour, provoqua une diminution de la MADQ à cinq reprises. Chez deux diabétiques étudiés à intervalles de 5 à 7 mois, sans changement de traitement, la MADQ est restée semblable. La MADQ caractérise aussi la variabilité quotidienne de la glycémie, complément important à l'amplitude moyenne des variations du glucose sanguin pendant la journée (AMVG) et à la glycémie moyenne (GSM) au cours de la même période.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Differenzen zwischen den beiden einander zugeordneten Blutzuckerwerten während zwei aufeinanderfolgender 24-Stunden Perioden einer kontinuierlichen Blutzuckeranalyse bei 22 Untersuchungen an sieben labilen Diabetikern, drei stabilen Diabetikern und drei Normalpersonen untersucht. Der absolute Durchschnittswert der täglichen Differenzen (MODD) (ohne das Vorzeichen zu beachten) war bei den labilen Diabetikern hoch (36.6 bis 158.1 mg/ 100ml), weniger hoch bei den stabilen Diabetikern (10.2 bis 35.1 mg/100 ml) und niedrig bei den Normalen (6.2 bis 8.2 mg/100 ml). Der Mittelwert der täglichen Unterschiede (MODD) war ein Maß der Änderungen der Blutglucose-konzentration auf Grund von Tag-zu-Tag-Schwankungen als Folge der Therapie, die so konstant wie möglich gehalten wurde. Wenn die Therapie beträchtlich intensiviert wurde, indem vier tägliche Insulininjektionen eines kurzwirkenden Insulins gegeben wurden, verminderte sich der Mittelwert bei 5 von 6 Untersuchungen. Bei zwei Diabetikern, die nach 5 bis 7 Monaten ohne Veränderungen der Insulinbehandlung wieder untersucht wurden, blieben die MODD-Werte ähnlich. Sie sind ein Maß einer weiteren Eigenschaft des Blutzuckerverhaltens, nämlich der Schwankungen von Tag zu Tag. Dies ist eine wichtige Ergänzung zu den Messungen der durchschnittlichen Amplitude der Blutzuckerkurve (MAGE, ein Maß der Schwankungen innerhalb eines Tages) und der durchschnittlichen Blutzuckerkonzentration, MBG (durchschnittlicher Blutzuckerspiegel während der Messung der Blutzuckerschwankungen).
    Notes: Summary Differences between paired blood glucose values during two successive 24-h periods of continuous blood glucose analysis were investigated during 22 studies in seven unstable diabetics, three stable diabetics, and three normal subjects. The absolute means (without regard to sign) of daily differences (MODD) were high in unstable diabetics (36.6 to 158.1 mg/100 ml), intermediate in stable diabetics (10.2 to 35.1 mg/100 ml), and low in normals (6.2 to 8.2 mg/100 ml). MODD was a measure of the blood glucose changes resulting from day-to-day variation in response to therapy that was kept as constant as possible. When therapy was deliberately intensified through the use of four daily injections of short-acting insulin, MODD decreased in five of six such experiments. In two diabetics retested at intervals of 5 to 7 months without change in insulin regimen, MODD values remained similar. MODD quantifies another characteristic of blood glucose behaviour, the between-day variability; this is an important complement of the mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE, a measure of within-day variability) and of the mean blood glucose concentration, MBG (the overall level of glycaemia during the variability measurements).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 17 (1979), S. 5-16 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic control ; HbAIc ; hyperglycaemia ; diabetes ; renal threshold
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Control of diabetes from complete normalisation to less adequate degrees of metabolic regulation needs to be assessed with regard to conditions of evaluation and to severity of the disease. Under optimal conditions the therapeutic events should occur with well-timed regularity. Different assessment criteria are appropriate depending on the severity of the deficiency of endogenous insulin. Plasma and urine glucose and ketone body measurements remain the practical standards for assessing diabetic control. Abnormalities of lipid and protein metabolites serve to augment the scope of the assessment. Triglycerides and haemoglobin AIc are also useful indicators of control. In mild (Type II) diabetes it may be possible to achieve normal plasma glucose measurements two hours after meals. Such aims carry a risk of hypoglycaemia in severe (Type I) diabetes. Normoglycaemia and aglycosuria in severe diabetes are feasible only preprandially in most cases. The use of urine glucose tests requires evaluation of blood-to-urine glucose relationships. Practical and convenient methods for identifying patients with high or low “renal thresholds” are described. Investigational methods for characterising diabetic patients assess the variability of glucose and other variables during therapy, as well as the degree to which normal values are attained. Such assessment methods may gain increasing practical importance as therapeutic approaches to diabetic control which are experimental at present come into practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 205 (1994), S. 1859-1868 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 167 (1990), S. 883-890 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Affective Disorders 6 (1984), S. 241-247 
    ISSN: 0165-0327
    Keywords: Affective disorders ; Cushing disease ; Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) ; Metyrapone Test ; Schizophrenia
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Affective Disorders 7 (1984), S. 265-272 
    ISSN: 0165-0327
    Keywords: Depression ; Mania ; Metyrapone ; Psychotropic drugs ; Schizophrenia
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Affective Disorders 19 (1990), S. 149-152 
    ISSN: 0165-0327
    Keywords: Anxiety ; Depression ; Irritable mood ; Prodromal symptomatology
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 27 (1970), S. 535-541 
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 109 (1981), S. 351-354 
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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