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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Amsterdam u.a. :North-Holland,
    Title: Fifth Generation Computer Systems
    Author: Moto-Oka, T.
    Publisher: Amsterdam u.a. :North-Holland,
    Year of publication: 1982
    Pages: 286 S.
    Type of Medium: Book
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 83 (1979), S. 1928-1928 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 87 (1983), S. 2133-2141 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 82 (1978), S. 2183-2190 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 7997-7999 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The double resonance technique has been applied to a molecular ion. We have observed microwave-infrared double resonance signals of HN+2 produced in a hollow cathode discharge at low pressures (20–200 mTorr). A color center laser with 2–20 mWatts of power provided the infrared signal radiation, and a millimeter wave klystron with ∼400 mWatts of power provided the microwave pump radiation. The frequency of the microwave radiation was swept and the double resonance signal was detected through variation of the infrared power. Using the R(1) and P(1)infrared transitions we have observed the J=1←0 rotational transition in both the ground state and the ν1 state. We have observed not only the direct three-level double resonance signals, but also collision-induced four-level double resonance signals indicating the existence of some selection rules for the Langevin potential dominated ion–neutral interaction. The major results of this paper are: (1) The double resonance method is now applicable to molecular ions and (2) ion–molecule collisions have selection rules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 7041-7048 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have investigated collision-induced rotational transitions of HN+2 and HCN using infrared-microwave four-level double resonance spectroscopy. These two isoelectronic molecules were studied in collisions with He, Ar, and N2. For all cases studied, we have observed that the collision-induced rotational transitions exhibit collisional "selection rules.'' The selection rules can be explained using the symmetry properties (i.e., parity) of the dominant terms in the interaction potential. This represents the first observation of selection rules for rotational energy transfer of a molecular ion. This study has allowed us to directly compare the difference between ion–neutral and neutral–neutral collisions which cause rotational transitions. We have experimentally observed that ion–neutral and neutral–neutral collisions differ because of the presence of the Langevin force in the ion–neutral interaction potential, which has two unique effects. The Langevin force produces a charge-induced dipole in the collision partner which is parallel to the ion's electric field. This charge-induced dipole interacts with the electric charge of the molecular ion which creates an attractive force between the ion and neutral. This interaction therefore decreases the ion–neutral distance and produces strong collisions which randomizes the rotational states. The second effect occurs when the molecular ion has a permanent electric moment. The charge-induced dipole in the collision partner will interact with an electric moment of the molecular ion creating a long-range interaction. For HN+2, a molecular ion with a permanent dipole moment, this interaction produces "dipole-type'' collisional selection rules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 87-93 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Infrared–microwave double resonance spectroscopy has been used to study the simple molecular ion HN+2. This is the first application of this powerful method to a molecular ion. The HN+2 ion was produced in a hollow cathode discharge cell, which served two purposes. First, the hollow cathode discharge is capable of producing relatively large concentrations of ions at the low pressures required for saturation. Also, the hollow cathode serves as a waveguide for the propagation of the microwave radiation. A color center laser was used as the infrared source. Its high power was essential in this work for saturation of the infrared transitions. The HN+2 ion was chosen as a test case for double resonance because of the availability of detailed spectroscopic information and its ease of production. We have observed the pure rotational transition J=1←0 in both the ground and ν1 states using the ν1 infrared fundamental. The determined molecular constants are eqQ=−5.88(10) MHz and B=46 586.895(18) MHz for the ground state, and eqQ=−5.71(17) MHz and B=46 208.986(27) MHz for the ν1 state. The high sensitivity of the double resonance technique has also allowed us to study the direct l-type doubling transitions in the ν2 and ν1+ν2 states using the ν1+ν2←ν2 infrared hot band. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first centimeter wave spectrum of a molecular ion. The determined molecular constants are q=254.966(11) MHz and qJ =−2.83(17) kHz for the ν2 state, and q=258.912(32) MHz and qJ =−3.15(65) kHz for the ν1+ν2 state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 5910-5917 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ν3 degenerate vibration–rotation band of the ammonia cation NH+3 was observed and analyzed. The spectrum was detected in direct absorption using a tunable difference frequency spectrometer combined with velocity modulation. The ion was produced in a 6 kHz ac discharge with a gas mixture of He:H2:NH3 (∼250:8:1) and with a total pressure of ∼6 Torr. Spin–rotation splittings for most Q-branch transitions were well resolved and spin–rotation interaction constants were determined. A symmetric rotor Hamiltonian with A1–A2 splittings and l resonance was used to analyze the spectrum. The spectral pattern indicates that NH+3 is a planar molecular with D3h symmetry, consistent with a 2A‘2 ground electronic state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 6200-6209 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The (2ν2,l=2←ν2), (2ν2,l=0←ν2), and (ν1+ν2←ν1) hot bands of H+3 were observed. The vibrationally hot ions were produced in a liquid nitrogen cooled 6 kHz ac discharge using gas mixtures of H2 and He. The spectra were detected in direct absorption using a newly extended tunable difference frequency spectrometer using both LiNbO3 and LiIO3 crystals as nonlinear optical elements. The range of this spectrometer is now ∼5300–∼1900 cm−1. The positions of the rovibrational transitions compare extremely well with the theoretical predictions of Miller and Tennyson. A vibrational temperature study of the discharge indicates a significant population inversion between the ν1 and ν2 levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 5918-5923 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ν3 band of NH+2 in the X˜ 3B1 ground electronic state was observed in direct absorption with a tunable difference frequency laser spectrometer in the 3 μ region, using velocity modulation detection. NH+2 and NH+3 ions were generated in an ac discharge of He and NH3, or of He, N2, and H2. Fifty-three rovibrational transitions were measured and fit to a triplet A-reduced Hamiltonian to determine rotational, centrifugal distortion, and spin–rotation constants. The band origin was found to be ν0=3359.932 cm−1, in excellent agreement with a recent calculation of Jensen, Bunker, and McLean. Indirect evidence from the spectrum suggested that NH+2 is quasilinear, but selection rules prevented a determination of the A rotational constant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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