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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 575-582 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Chlorofluoromethanes ; Stratospheric chlorine ; Oceanographic tracers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Depth profiles of the chlorofluoromethanes (CFM), CFCl3 and CF2Cl2, have been obtained together with tritium profiles from water samples collected in the Norwegian Sea between surface and 2800 m depth. CFM analysis was performed by vacuum extraction of the dissolved gases from 500 ml samples of seawater and subsequent gaschromatographic measurement. The CFM concentration decreases with depth to about 10 percent of surface concentration at depths below 2000 m. The same behaviour is found for the tritium content. From a correlation of the CFM and tritium concentration the upper limit of the preindustrial atmospheric CFM levels can be estimated to ≤5 percent of the present day concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 43 (1965), S. 273-277 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The normal values of a number of serumprotein fractions were determined in 153 healthy children and adults. Case history and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were used to eliminate probands with inflammatory and reactive diseases. For the specific quantitation of individual proteins immunochemical methods were utilized as far as possible. The following protein fractions were measured: 1. Total protein by the method ofPhillips andvan Slyke. 2. Albumin, transferrin, and γ-globulin according to the one-dimensional immunoprecipitation ofOudin. 3. α2M- and β2M-globulin and β1-lipoprotein with two immunochemical methods: semiquantitative two-dimensional immunodiffusion=“rosette” method, and nephelometry. 4. Haptoglobin with the chemical method byJayle. 5. Coeruloplasmin as polyphenoloxydase (Ravin). 6. β1A-and β2A-globulin were estimated semiquantitatively by immunoelectrophoresis. The children and adults were arbitrarily divided into 5 age groups. Statistical mean values and standard deviations were calculated for each group (table 1 and 2). The results are compared with the rare values reported in the literature. Most of the protein fractions were found to have reached adult concentrations by the beginning of the second year of life, except the α2-globulins, especially the α2-macroglobulin, as well as transferrin and γ-globulin. Large standard deviations were obtained for α2-haptoglobin, β1-transferrin und β1-lipoprotein. The knowledge of exact normal values and their standard deviations is of major importance in clinical medicine for the correct interpretation of pathological changes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die normalen Werte für eine Reihe von Protein-Einzelfraktionen wurden in 153 Seren gesunder Kinder und Erwachsener bestimmt. Als Kriterien für den Ausschluß von Probanden mit entzündlichen und reaktiven Krankheiten wurden die anamnestischen Angaben und die Senkungsreaktion verwendet. Soweit wie möglich wurden für die Einzelbestimmungen immunochemische Methoden verwendet, die sich durch große Spezifität auszeichnen. Folgende Proteinfraktionen wurden quantitativ gemessen: Gesamteiweiß nachPhilips undvan Slyke, Albumin, Transferrin und γ-Globulin mit eindimensionaler Immunopräcipitation nachOudin, α2M und β2M mit zwei immunochemischen Methoden (zweidimensionale Immundiffusion=Rosetten-Methode und Nephelometrie), β1-Lipoprotein nach der immunochemischen Rosetten- und der nephelometrischen chemischen Methode, Haptoglobin nach der chemischen Methode, Coeruloplasmin als Polyphenoloxydase und β1A und β1B semiquantitativ aus der Immunoelektrophorese. Das Untersuchungsgut wurde willkürlich in fünf Altersgruppen eingeteilt. Für jede Gruppe wurden Mittelwerte und Standardabweichungen errechnet (Tabelle 1 und 2). Die erhaltenen Zahlen werden mit den spärlich in der Literatur vorhandenen Werten verglichen. Außer den α2-Globulinen, insbesondere dem α2-Makroglobulin, sowie dem Transferrin und dem γ-Globulin, haben die meisten Fraktionen zu Beginn des 2. Lebensjahres annähernd den Erwachsenenwert erreicht. Für das α2-Haptoglobin, das β1-Transferrin und das β1-Lipoprotein ergeben sich hohe physiologische Standardabweichungen. Die Kenntnisse exakter Normalwerte und der Standardabweichung sind für die Beurteilung von Veränderungen in der klinischen Medizin von Bedeutung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 307-314 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Absorption ; man ; β-methyl-digoxin ; serum concentration ; urinary excretion ; radio-immunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single doses of β-methyl-digoxin 0.4 mg were given to groups of 17 – 18 healthy volunteers as an intravenous infusion lasting 2 hours, or orally as Lanitop Liquidum® or Lanitop® tablets. The serum glycoside concentration and urinary glycoside excretion were measured over 8 and 32 h. The absolute bioavailability from the oral preparations in comparison with the infusion was lower for the first 8 h than for the entire 32 h of the investigation; the relative bioavailability from tablets was the same as from the solution for both periods. For both periods the area under the serum concentration/time curve and the urinary glycoside excretion were significantly lower after administration of the tablets than after intravenous infusion. Taking the average of both parameters, the absolute bioavailability of β-methyl-digoxin was about 80% from the solution and about 70% from the tablets. In 18 patients undergoing intravenous or oral therapy with β-methyl-digoxin steady state glycoside concentrations were compared in a cross-over study of intravenous maintenance therapy with Lanitop® ampoules or oral treatment with Lanitop® tablets. For a standard daily dose of 0.2 mg β-methyl-digoxin the serum concentrations were 1.35±0.10 ng/ml during both intravenous and oral administration. The intra-individual variation in glycoside concentration after changing from intravenous to oral maintenance therapy, or vice versa, was about the same as during continued intravenous or oral administration. It is concluded that the rate of rise of serum concentration after a single dose may be a useful indicator of the rate of absorption, but that the area under the serum concentration/time curve and the urinary glycoside excretion up to 32 h are unsuitable for determining equivalent doses of different formulations or routes of administration of digitalis glycosides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: β-Methyl-digoxin ; digoxin ; intravenous administration ; man ; serum concentration ; renal clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present investigation was to estimate the ratio of the intravenous doses ofβ-methyl-digoxin and digoxin required to produce identical serum glycoside concentrations in man. 20 patients on intravenous maintenance therapy were changed fromβ-methyl-digoxin to the identical dose of digoxin or vice versa. Each drug was given for 7 days. Serum concentrations 13% higher were found during administration ofβ-methyl-digoxin. Assuming a half life of 60 h after with drawal, the dose of digoxin producing the same minimum serum concentration was estimated to be 1.16 times higher than that ofβ-methyl-digoxin. 18 healthy volunteers received 0.4 mg β-methyldigoxin, and 23 the same dose of digoxin, as an intravenous infusion over 2 h. The serum concentrations and urinary glycoside excretion were measured over a period of 32 hrs. During the first hour after the infusion the serum concentration of digoxin declined more rapidly than that ofβ-methyl-digoxin. Thereafter, the ratio of the serum concentrations did not change appreciably up to the end of the investigation. The area under the serum concentration/time curve was about 13% greater forβ-methyl-digoxin than for digoxin; this difference was not significant. The average renal clearance was 96±9 ml forβ-methyl-digoxin, 151±13 ml for digoxin. Since the total body clearance of digoxin is only about 1.16 times higher than that ofβ-methyl-digoxin, the lower renal clearance ofβ-methyl-digoxin must partly be compensated by higher extrarenal clearance. From the ratios of the areas under the serum concentration/time curves after single doses of β-methyldigoxin and digoxin, and the minimum serum concentrations during maintenance therapy, it was concluded that the dose of digoxin to produce the same average serum concentrations would be about 1.15 times higher than that ofβ-methyl-digoxin. In comparison with the large variations in individual dosage of digoxin andβ-methyl-digoxin, this difference is too small to be of practical importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 31 (1990), S. 2520-2524 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The reasons that lead to the use of only linear representations of Lie algebras in quantum theory seem to permit antilinear representations of superalgebras. Such corepresentations of Clifford algebras are investigated and shown to lead to a two-component Dirac equation. It is shown that there exists a one-component corepresentation of the supertranslation algebra, but that this cannot be induced to a corepresentation of the super-Poincaré algebra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B+C 123 (1983), S. 121-124 
    ISSN: 0378-4363
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 342 (1980), S. 71-89 
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 284 (1977), S. 114-122 
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Keywords: Nuclear reactions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 274 (1976), S. 253-261 
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 234 (1974), S. 167-184 
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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