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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass transition in partially sulfonated polystyrene (1971)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 9 (1971), S. 1325-1332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The glass transition temperature Tg of partially sulfonated polystyrene has been measured dilatometrically as a function of degree of sulfonation. A semitheoretical relationship between Tg and degree of sulfonation has been derived by treating the strong-acid polymer as a highly polar copolymer of styrene and styrenesulfonic acid. The Tg of copolymer has been found to increase linearly up to 0.15 weight fraction of styrene-sulfonic acid wA as given by: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ T_g = T_{gB} + 200w_A $\end{document} where TgB is the glass transition temperature of loosely crosslined (1%) polystyrene matrix. Our experimental results agree well with theoretical relations developed on the basis of the iso-free-volume state of glass transition applied to sulfonated polystyrene. The marked linear increase in copolymer Tg with the styrenesulfonic acid is accounted for by the effect of progressively higher intermolecular forces due to the highly polar sulfonic acid substituents.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1971.160090711
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oriented γ-isotactic polypropylene crystallized at atmospheric pressure (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 2821-2827 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polypropylene ; composites ; gamma phase ; epitaxy ; X-ray scattering ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A method for crystallizing oriented samples of the γ-phase of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) under atmospheric pressure in the presence of nucleating fibers has been developed. The technique uses iPP grades of high molecular weight and high isotacticity and produces a mixture of α and γ-phase crystals within the matrix of both pitch-based carbon and Kevlar®-reinforced composites. Two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) patterns from these samples show that the content of the γ-phase decreases as the fiber loading in the composites decreases, suggesting that the γ-phase is directly nucleated by the fibers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 2821-2827, 1998
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chain conformation of rod-like polymers in the melt: Small-angle neutron scattering of poly(benzoyl paraphenylene) (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 2449-2459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: small-angle neutron scattering ; rigid-rod polymer ; thorny-rod polymer ; self-reinforcing polymer ; chain conformation ; persistence length ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The chain conformation of a rigid rod polymer, poly(benzoyl paraphenylene), is determined in the melt using small-angle neutron scattering. The coherent scattering cross-section from blends of partially deuterated and hydrogenous poly(benzoyl paraphenylene) agree well with ideal rod scattering for q 〉 0.02 Å-1, indicating that the polymer chains are highly extended. Comparison of the results to a single chain-scattering function for chains of arbitrary stiffness yield a persistence length of ca. 130 Å. Pure component scattering at the lowest scattering lengths indicate that the melt is not molecularly homogenous, but is comprised of domains, potentially reflecting localized groupings of chains with similar backbone orientation. Furthermore, this mesoscopic structure depends on the processing history of the polymer in the melt state. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 36: 2449-2459, 1998
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relaxations of confined chains in polymer nanocomposites: Glass transition properties of poly(ethylene oxide) intercalated in montmorillonite (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 59-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: nanocomposites ; glass transition ; confined chains ; intercalation ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The relaxation behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), intercalated in montmorillonite, a naturally occurring mica-type silicate, was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermally stimulated dielectric depolarization (or thermally stimulated current, TSC). The materials were synthesized by melt or solution-mediated intercalation. In both intercalates, the PEO chains were confined to ca. 0.8-nm galleries between the silicate layers. The solution intercalate contained a fraction of unintercalated PEO chains which exhibited a weak and depressed PEO melting endotherm in DSC. In contrast, the melt intercalate was “starved” such that almost all the PEO chains were effectively intercalated. For these melt intercalates, no thermal events were detected by DSC. TSC thermal sampling technique was used to examine the glass transition regions and to estimate the extent of cooperativity of chain motions. The motions of the intercalated PEO chains are inherently noncooperative relative to the cooperative Tg motions in the amorphous portion of the bulk polymer. This is presumably due to the strong confining effect of the silicate layers on the relaxations of the intercalated polymer. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adiabatic compressibility of solutions of ethylene-propylene copolymers in hydrocarbon solvents (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 15 (1977), S. 279-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Adiabatic compressibility measurements are reported on solutions in hydrocarbon solvents of a low Mw high ethylene content, and of both high and low Mw low ethylene content ethylene-propylene copolymers. In all solutions the observed adiabatic compressibility was lower than the solvent value by an increment which was a function of the solvent type. Comparison of the data for a high and low molecular weight sample of the same copolymer indicates no molecular weight effects. Changes in the composition of the copolymer, as indicated by NMR spectroscopy, have only a slight effect on the adiabatic compressibility. The dominant feature of these studies is the apparent correlation of the chain length of the alkane solvent with the decrement in the compressibility.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.180150208
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustic absorption and dynamic compressibility studies of dilute and concentrated solutions of polystyrene in toluene and cyclohexane (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 15 (1977), S. 263-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Acoustic absorption and adiabatic compressibility measurements are reported on solutions of polystyrene (Mn = 89,000) in toluene and cyclohexane. The data in toluene cover a temperature range from 293 to 343°K and a concentration range of 10-400 Kg m-3 (1-40 wt%). The dependence of acoustic absorption on concentration was found to be linear up to 100 kg m-3, which corresponds to the concentration at which polymer-polymer interactions cause significant changes in the specific viscosity-concentration relationship. Up to 200 kg m-3 the data could be fitted to computations based on an artificial separation of the dispersion into contributions from viscoelastic and segmental processes, using parameters obtained from a study of narrow molecular weight distribution samples at 25 kg m-3. However, neither approach was capable of describing dispersions in the 300, 400 kg m-3 solutions. The modification of the relaxation spectrum observed at the highest concentrations is ascribed to volume and entropy changes associated with alterations of the local environment around a segment of the polymer chain. These changes have their origin in interchain penetration and polymer-polymer contacts, and indicate that ‘entanglement’ is primarily entropic in effect.The adiabatic compressibility exhibited similar deviations from a simple concentration dependence, and allowed estimation of an incompressible volume increment associated with polymer-polymer interactions in the high-concentration entangled matrix. However, the adiabatic compressibilities of solutions of polystyrene, 10-15 kg m-3, in cyclohexane showed no deviations from simple behavior in the region of the theta temperature. Measurements of the adiabatic compressibility of polystyrene in mixtures of cyclohexane-toluene have been used to obtain the relative magnitude of solvent and polymer contributions to the excess compressibility.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.180150207
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionic transport in a sulfonated polystyrene-polyethylene copolymer (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 14 (1976), S. 1769-1787 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The conductivity of a grafted copolymer composed of 21% sulfonated polystyrene and 79% polyethylene has been investigated as a function of temperature and absorbed moisture for membranes containing the monovalent counterions H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs, and Ag+. The mobility of Ag+ was measured directly in an experiment analogous to that used for the mobility of F-centers in alkali halides. The mobility and density of free counterions depend on the amount of absorbed water, but only the mobility and not the density of free counterions is a thermally activated process. Current is carried by both intrinsic counterions and, in samples containing absorbed water with greater than 1.5 V applied, by protonic carriers created when the absorbed water is electrolyzed. Thermal depolarization studies indicate that persistent polarization observed is the result of homogeneous volume polarization, due to the orientation of sulfonic acid side groups.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1976.180141004
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chain mobility of some terephthalic acid polyesters in solution. A 13C spin-relaxation study (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 17 (1979), S. 45-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation times (T1), nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOE), and resonance linewidths (Δp) have been measured for a series of terephthalic acid polyesters containing ethyl, butyl, hexyl, and isopropyl groups between neighboring terephthalate units. The relaxation parameters of all carbons in the terephthalate groups are independent of the length of the separating alkyl chain. Reduced NOE's are seen for all carbons. The data are interpreted in terms of a log X2distribution of correlation times of constant width, but variable average mobility. The average mobility in the alkyl chain increases with increasing distance from the terephthalate group in a given polymer. For a given position in the chain. mobility increases with increasing chain length. This behavior is consistent with the presence of independently reorienting, highly solvated terephthalate groups.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.180170103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C-NMR sequence analysis of polyesters from pentaerythritol and caprolactone (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 1329-1336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of pentaerythritol (1) or dipentaerythritol with caprolactone yields prepolymers of the general structure \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm C} { \left( {\rm CH}_2 {\rm OH} \right)_4 } \hbox{--} {\rm i} \left [ {\rm CH}_2 {\rm O} \left( {\rm COCH}_2 {\rm CH}_2 {\rm CH}_2 {\rm CH}_2 {\rm CH}_2 {\rm O} \right)_{\rm n} {\rm H} \right]_{\rm i}$$\end{document} for i = 1, 2, 3, and 4 (2)-(5). The 13C chemical shifts of the quaternary carbons in (1)-(5) differ by more than 0.5 ppm. Conditions were determined to obtain quantitative intensity ratios of these carbons. The relative intensities give the distribution of the various branched structures and permit calculations of the average number of caprolactones per branch. Results are reported for caprolactone/polyol mole ratics of 3-66.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170190605
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Substituted diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxides for low-temperature SBR polymerizationPresented before the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society, Boston, Massachusetts, April 25-28, 1972. (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 1589-1600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four pure hydroperoxides were evaluated as initiators for the polymerization of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) at 5°C. These materials were the meta and para isomers of mono- and dihydroperoxy-diisopropylbenzene. Results showed that the monohydroperoxides produced somewhat faster reactions than a control hydroperoxide, p-menthane hydroperoxide. Response to mercaptan level adjustments was good, providing polymer with a Mooney viscosity in the 50 to 60 range. The reaction rate with the dihydroperoxides was slower, but again provided polymer with a satisfactory viscosity. Basic physical property measurements on polymers prepared with the pure hydroperoxides or control hydroperoxides showed only minor differences. It is anticipated that these differences can be eliminated by small adjustments in the compound recipe.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.170110709
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