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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Pharmacokinetics ; Bioequivalence ; Mefloquine ; Uncomplicated falciparum malaria ; Dihydroartemisinin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To assess the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability/bioequivalence of three commercial tablet formulations of mefloquine, i.e. Lariam (reference formulation), Mephaquin 100 Lactab and Eloquin-250, when given sequentially after dihydroartemisinin in Thai patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Methods: Twenty-nine Thai patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria were randomised to receive an initial dose of 300 mg dihydroartemisinin, followed by 1250 mg mefloquine (at 24 h and 30 h after dihydroartemisinin) given as either Lariam (n=10 cases), Mephaquin (n=9 cases) or Eloquin-250 (n=10 cases). Serial blood samples were obtained up to day 42 after treatment with mefloquine. Mefloquine concentrations were determined in whole blood by means of ultraviolet high-performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameters of mefloquine were estimated using non-compartmental and compartmental analysis. Results: The three combination regimens were well tolerated. Patients in all treatment groups had a rapid initial response. However, nine patients (four and five cases in regimen containing Mephaquin 100 Lactab and Eloquin-250, respectively) had reappearance of parasitaemia during the follow-up period. Mefloquine from the three formulations showed significantly different pharmacokinetic and bioavailability metrics. Significantly lower peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and areas under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC; AUC0–48h, AUC0–7days, and total AUC) were observed with Mephaquin 100 Lactab than with the other two formulations. Mean values for relative bioavailability of the test to standard products were 49.1% (Mephaquin 100 Lactab) and 72.4% (Eloquine-250). Based on the criteria set, the bioavailability of the two test products (Mephaquin 100 Lactab and Eloquine-250) was considered non-equivalent to the reference product with respect to the rate (tmax, Cmax) and extent (AUC0–48h, AUC0–7days, total AUC) of mefloquine absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: IgD deficiency ; MHC ; extended haplotype ; Basques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We showed previously that the conserved extended MHC haplotype [HLA-B8, SC01, DR3] carries recessive susceptibility genes for IgA and IgG4 deficiency and dominant genes for IgD and IgG3 deficiency. [HLA-B18, F1C30, DR3] has similar class II and III regions to [HLA-B8, SC01, DR3] and is common in the Basques. We therefore studied serum immunoglobulin concentrations in Basque homozygotes, heterozygotes, and noncarriers of (F1C30, DRB1*0301, DRB3*02, DQA1*0501, DQB1*0201) (F1C30, DR3). As shown by others, no subjects were deficient in IgA, IgM, or IgG subclasses. In contrast, 29% of homozygotes and three of seven double heterozygotes with (SC01, DRB1*0301, DRB3*0101, DQA1*0501, DQB1*0201) (presumed homozygotes for IgD deficiency susceptibility genes) were IgD deficient. Thus, 32% of presumed homozygotes were IgD deficient compared with 1.6% of noncarriers. Of haplotype heterozygotes, 25% were IgD deficient. The high frequency of IgD deficiency in both homozygotes and heterozygotes for (F1C30, DR3) suggests a partially penetrant dominant susceptibility gene for IgD deficiency on [HLA-B18, F1C30, DR3].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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