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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 289-292 (Aug. 1998), p. 1217-1228 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 25 (1983), S. 291-295 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Mammalian embryo culture ; diabetes ; glucose ; hyperglycaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To elucidate the role of hyperglycaemia in causing fetal malformation, rat embryos have been grown in vitro from the head-fold stage for 48 h in the presence of excess glucose during different parts of the culture period. Culture of rat embryos for 10 or 21 h in 55 mmol/l exogenous glucose produced abnormalities observable after 48 h in culture. When embryos cultured for 10 or 21 h in excess glucose were observed by scanning electron microscopy at the end of the glucose treatment, abnormalities could be observed which may indicate how later malformations are formed. Thus it is possible that a relatively brief hyperglycaemic episode at a critical stage of embryogenesis may endanger the fetus of a diabetic mother.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Intramembranous ossification ; Immunohistochemistry ; Muscle fiber type
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Previous studies using parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) null mutant mice have indicated severe abnormalities in the endochondral ossification, suggesting that PTHrP affects chondrocyte differentiation. In this study, we found in newborn PTHrP-deficient mice some deformities in the mandible that is formed via intramembranous ossification. The mandibular ramus was bent downwards and a prominent bone crest to which the deep layer of masseter muscle was tendinously attached was observed in the mandibular body. Transmission electron microscopic studies showed that active bone formation was progressing along the tendon fibers of the masseter muscle. The examination of 3-D reconstruction models indicated that the mandibular ramus was bent at the site of muscle attachment, which was shifted in the direction of the muscle fibers. Muscle fiber type analysis using myosin ATPase staining showed that the masseter muscle in the newborn PTHrP-deficient mice contained numerous type 2B fibers, demonstrating premature maturation of this muscle. Based on these findings, we speculated that premature maturation of the masseter muscle leads, probably due to increased tensile forces, to accelerated bone crest formation and subsequent bending of the mandibular ramus. These results further suggest that PTHrP is involved in the regulation of muscle development in normal animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 57 (1979), S. 993-999 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Electron microprobe analysis ; Intracellular electrolytes ; Kidney ; Ischaemia ; Elektronenstrahl-Mikroanalyse ; Intrazelluläre Elektrolyte ; Niere ; Ischämie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to be able to examine the processes involved in transepithelial transport in tissues, which are not composed of a single cell type, methods are required, which permit analysis at a cellular level. The technique of electron microprobe analysis permits the intracellular concentrations of many elements to be determined simultaneously in various portions of the cell. The application of this method to renal cortical tissue has shown that the best estimates of the cytoplasmic concentrations are to be obtained in regions close to the nucleus, farthest from the basolateral infoldings and microvilli, which separate the intracellular environment from the extracellular space. The nuclear concentrations of Na and K do not differ from those in the surrounding cytoplasm, although those of P and C1 are somewhat higher in cytoplasm. The intracellular element concentrations in the different cell types vary somewhat, proximal tubular cells contain higher concentrations of Na and C1 and lower ones of P than distal tubular cells. Following ischaemia, a manoeuvre know to result in a disturbance of intracellular electrolytes, Na was observed to rise and K to fall only in the non-surface cells of kidneys exposed to the air, but in all cells, if the kidneys were kept air-free in an atmosphere of N2. The proximal and distal tubular cells showed a variable resistance to ischaemia, the distal tubular cells being much more resistant. Despite the severity of the electrolyte disturbance following ischaemia, the intracellular composition was completely restored one hour after re-introducing renal blood flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Crassulacean acid metabolism — Endogenous rhythm — Lipid membrane structure — Phase transition — Osmotic cell pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. The observed endogenous circadian rhythm in plants performing Crassulacean acid metabolism is effected by malate transport at the tonoplast membrane. Experimental and theoretical work asks for a hysteresis switch, regulating this transport via the ordering state of the membrane. We apply a schematic molecular model to calculate the thermally averaged order parameter of the membrane lipid structure in its dependence on external parameters temperature and area per molecule. The model shows a first order structural phase transition in a biologically relevant temperature range. Osmotic consequences of malate accumulation can trigger a transition between the two phases by changing the surface area of the cell vacuole. Estimation of the energy needed to expand the vacuole under turgor pressure because of osmotic changes while acidifying shows that energy needed as latent heat for the calculated change between phases can easily be afforded by the cell. Thus, malate content and the coexisting two phases of lipid order, showing hysteretic behavior, can serve as a feedback system in an oscillatory model of Crassulacean acid metabolism, establishing the circadian clock needed for endogenous rhythmicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 187 (1960), S. 605-607 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] During our own preliminary investigations into the action of trypan blue it was found that the commercial sample used was grossly impure. A brief survey (Table 1) of the purity of various other commercial samples showed that the chief impurity was sodium chloride, which is used for the salting out ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 81 (1977), S. 197-203 
    ISSN: 0368-1874
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Differentiation and Development 27 (1989), S. 12 
    ISSN: 0922-3371
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 165 (1984), S. 93-104 
    ISSN: 0368-1874
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 182 (1985), S. 355-366 
    ISSN: 0368-1874
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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