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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iterative evaluation of thermally stimulated depolarization current peak parameters in polymers: A dipolar interaction approach to molecular dipole relaxation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 5079-5083 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An approach for the dipole relaxation in polymers is treated considering the dipole–dipole interaction between the molecules. The thermally stimulated depolarization peak parameters, i.e., the activation energy E, the pre-exponential factor τ0, and the dipole interaction strength parameter q, were evaluated using the iterative technique. Good results are obtained in comparison with other methods. A linear relationship between the activation energy and the logarithm of the pre-exponential factor of the relaxation times is existing confirming the operation of the compensation law. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359738
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric and relaxation behaviour studies in acrylonitrile-methylacrylate copolymer (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 2 (1991), S. 146-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Poly(acrylonitrile-methylacrylate) copolymer is a semicrystalline material, as defined by X-ray diffraction, and is thermally stable up to 425 K as revealed by infrared investigations. The study of dielectric properties obtained from this copolymer allows us to follow the relaxation processes and showed the difference between three processes; β-, α- and ρ-relaxations. The first two processes occur in the two phases, amorphous and crystalline, and the third process is associated with the glass transition temperature. The origins of these processes were attributed to local motion of the polymer backbone segments, to a dipole orientation of the chain side groups and to an ionic space-charge relaxation, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696289
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compensation effect in styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer as explored by thermally stimulated depolarization measurements (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 2795-2799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Thermally stimulated depolarization currents of styrene-acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers have been investigated in the high-temperature range. A peak associated with the glass transition temperature was observed which has the characteristic of a dipolar relaxation process. Parameters such as activation energy and relaxation time associated with the dipolar relaxation process have been calculated. The compensation effect is observed to be valid and the value of the compensation temperature differs slightly from one compound to other. The linear relationship between the activation energy and the logarithm of the preexponential factor of the relaxation time is discussed in terms of the compensation temperature and the chain environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584882
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kationische Polymerisation organischer Substanzen in hohen elektrischen Feldern (1971)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 246 (1971), S. 679-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Polymerization of organic molecules can be induced by high electric fields (several 107 V/cm). The primary step of this “field polymerization” process consists of field ionization of a molecule near to the field producing anode surface. The result of field polymerization is the growth of organic, semiconducting micro needles on the field anode. The mechanism of field polymerization of benzonitrile and crotonaldehyde is studied by means of a field ionization mass spectrometer. Conclusions on the mechanisms of polymerization can be drawn from the mass spectra. In the case of benzonitrile and crotonaldehyde the data indicate a cationic mechanism of polymerization.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Polymerisation organischer Moleküle kann durch hohe elektrische Felder (einige 107 V/cm) induziert werden. Der Primärschnitt dieser „Feldpolymerisation“ ist die Feldionisation eines Moleküls in der Nähe der felderzeugenden Anodenoberfläche. Das Ergebnis der Feldpolymerisation ist das Wachstum von organischen, halbleitenden Mikronadeln auf der Feldanode. Der Mechanismus der Feldpolymerisation von Benzonitril und Crotonaldehyd wurde mit einem Feldionisations-Massenspektrometer studiert. Aus den Massenspektren können Schlüsse bezüglich der Polymerisationsmechanismen gezogen werden. Die Messungen deuten im Falle des Benzonitrils und des Crotonaldehyds auf einen kationischen Polymerisations-mechanismus hin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01501301
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TSDC spectra in negatively corona charged ABS electrets (1990)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 23 (1990), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Corona charging technique has been used during polymer electret formation. Investigations of the thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) in the electrets formed from Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) terpolymer films were carried out. The optimum conditions for negatively corona-charged ABS films were determined. With the aid of partial heating technique, a single peak was obtained at T=381±2 K. This peak is associated with the temperature which was attributed to the motion of the bulk detrapping electrons arising from the thermal agitation as well as from erosion of the traps by the molecular motion. The activation energy of the process has been calculated. The electret property can be described in terms of dipolar relaxation process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00983965
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical conduction of poly(vinyl alcohol) films (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 2631-2642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: PVA films (30-45 μm thickness) were prepared by casting. dc electrical measurements were done over the temperature range 293-353 K. Two different conduction mechanisms are suggested. The first one is ohmic and extends to 303 K. Above this temperature a space-charge-limited conduction mechanism, with protons as charge carriers, predominates. Dependences of the voltage-reversion current temperature and field were investigated and were attributed to a clean-up effect of charge carriers. The variance in the activation energy, calculated from the conductivity curves and from the mobility curves, led to a discussion of the origin of the charge carriers. No change in conductivity was observed for the PVA films irradiated with UV (of wavelength 365 nm) at 303 K, i.e., PVA is a photostable material under these conditions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1986.090241203
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric relaxation and electric modulus behavior in poly(vinyl alcohol)-based composite systems (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 655-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ultraviolet spectra of pure and lead salt-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite films were studied at room temperature. Blending of PVA with lead acetate and lead nitrate cause a considerable change in the UV spectrum, indicating electronic structure modifications. The complex permittivity (ε*) and the complex electric modulus (M*) of the pure PVA and the PVA-based composite films were investigated between 300 and 400 K in the 100 Hz-100 kHz frequency range. The frequency dependence of the permittivity is influenced by the space-charge polarization. The interfacial polarization is manifested at high temperature and becomes important only above the PVA glass transition temperature and below 1 kHz. Dielectric properties of PVA-lead nitrate composite revealed that the salt is complexed with PVA through hydrogen bonding. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TSDC and the role of space charge in polyacrylonitrile/methylacrylate copolymer films (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 1315-1322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Space charge effects on direct current (DC) conductivity and the thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) in the semicrystalline polyacrylonitrile-methylacrylate [P(AN-MA)] films have been investigated. The conduction was found to be controlled by space charge limited effect. On the other hand, the TSDC studies point to a superposition of dipole orientation and space charge effects. With the aid of the thermal sampling technique, the complex spectrum could be resolved into its elementary processes. Curve fitting has been carried out and peak parameters were determined. Information related to the motion of dipolar groups could be obtained. The compensation effects is observed to be valid and the value of the compensation temperature (Tc = 343 K) greatly differs from the glass transition temperature (Tg = 383 K). From the DC and TSDC studies considerations, the origin of the three conduction regions appearing in the 1n σ vs. 1/T could be explored. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070531005
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and thermally stimulated depolarization current studies of rhodamine-dye-doped poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) films (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 39 (1996), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) ; rhodamine doping ; TSDC spectra ; thermally stimulated depolarization ; characterization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: IR and UV-absorption spectra, and the thermally stimulated currents of pure and Rhodamine-6G-doped poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (Rhdoped ABS) films were investigated. Structural characteristics could be specified from these techniques. Both IR and UV-absorption studies revealed a modification of the structure of ABS on blending with Rhodamine 6G: Rh molecules are partially dispersed in the ABS matrix and partially attached as side groups to the ABS backbone. Thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) studies confirmed this result. The results revealed that incorporation of Rh 6G in ABS locks the dipole in the ABS matrix after electric poling. The TSDC spectra have been found, depending on the polarization temperature, to be characterized by three peaks. The phenomenon of the existence of these current maxima is discussed and analysed in terms of dipolar and ionic relaxations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field ionisation mass spectrometry of acetylpyridine isomers (1973)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 7 (1973), S. 1423-1424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An investigation of the metastable transition in the field ionisation mass spectra of acetylpyridine isomers has established that the reaction pathway is greatly influenced by the ring position of the substituent. It is suggested that the pyridine nitrogen atom induces a rearrangement process in the case of 2-acetylpyridine. In other acetylpyridines it has a little effect and the cleavage reaction occured prior to rearrangement.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210071218
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