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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of water soluble polymers with oxidising agents: reaction of dextran with tetravalent cerium (1984)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 939-947 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Spectrophotometry ; complex ; degradation ; viscometry ; transient-radical
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Dextran, an extracellular bacterial polysaccharide, was subjected to reaction with ceric ammonium nitrate in aqueous nitric acid at varying temperatures. The polymer has been found to be degraded due to the selective oxidative cleavage of vicinal glycol units present in the monosaccharide unit of each chain. The aldehyde groups produced upon cleavage at low temperature were found to undergo further oxidation to acids and formic acid with rise in temperature of the reaction. The course of the reaction has been followed by cerimetry and by spectrophotometrical measurements. The effect of the concentration of reacting components on the reaction has been studied and various kinetic aspects have been evaluated. Depending on the kinetic results, a plausible reaction mechanism for the oxidative degradation and the subsequent reactions have been suggested by the study of the changes of solution viscosity and initiation of graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers by Ce(IV)/dextran mixture. Various thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01490026
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto wool fibers: Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto wool fibers initiated by KHSO5/Fe(III) couple (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 2371-2375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto wool fibers has been carried out in an aqueous medium under deaerated condition initiated by potassium monopersulphate (KHSO5/Fe(III) system, at varying concentration of the reactants and temperature. The effect of various salts and organic solvents on the extent of grafting has also been studied. Maximum graft percentage of 210.8% was obtained in 4 h at 40°C with the concentration of MMA (0.46 M), KHSO5 (0.0195 M), Fe(III) (1.25 × 10-4 M) in the presence of 50% formic acid. Various improved properties of the grafts have been studied and compared with the parent fiber.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420830
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of aniline-doped mixed copolymer resins. II (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 655-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Copolymer resins were synthesized by the mixed condensation of resorcinol-CH2O, resorcinol-aniline-CH2O, resorcinol-aniline-thiourea-CH2O, and resorcinol-aniline-urea-thiourea-CH2O with a view to develop synthetic resins having improved properties and performance like toughness, mechanical properties, thermal resistance, chemical inertness, and adhesion. The resins were characterized by IR and TG analyses. The thermal analysis showed that the mixed copolymer resins have significantly better thermal stability than that of the simple phenol-CH2O, aniline-CH2O, urea-CH2O, and thiourea-CH2O resins. At 600°C, only a 50% weight loss is observed, and even at 800°C, the weight loss is about 70%. The resins are insoluble in most of the organic solvents including DMSO-d6. They too are unaffected by diluted HNO3, but dissolve in concentrated HNO3. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto jute fibers initiated by quinquivalent vanadium (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 195-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto jute fibers was carried out with quinquivalent vanadium as initiator in an aqueous sulphuric acid medium under nitrogen atmosphere. The graft yield was influenced by reaction time, temperature, concentrations of acid, monomer, initiator, reaction medium, and base polymer. Grafting has also been carried out in presence of various organic solvents. It has been observed that the maximum graft yield 56.7% was obtained at 50°C for [AA] = 1.453 M, [V+5] = 15 X 10-3 M, acid (2.12 M) and for a reaction time of 6 h. The tensile properties, dye-uptake ability, and absorption of water and water vapours of the grafts have also been studied.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410117
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting of vinyl monomers onto silk fibers: Trivalent-manganese-initiated graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto silk fibers (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 1311-1319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) onto silk fibers, using Mn(III)-sulphate as initiator, has been investigated, in aqueous sulphuric acid in the temperature range of 30-55°C. Grafting reaction has been studied by varying the concentration of monomer, Mn(III), sulphuric acid, temperature, and also with the modified silk. The graft yield increases significantly with increase of monomer concentrations to the extent of 0.85M, after which the rate falls. With increase in Mn(III) concentration and H+ ion concentration the graft yield increases, but after an optimum concentration a depression in the graft yield is noticed. The rate of the reaction is temperature-dependent; with increase of temperature the graft-on increases. Among the solvent composition studied a solvent/water mixture containing 10% of the solvent seems to constitute the most favorable medium for grafting, and a further increase of solvent composition decreases the graft yield. The effect of various additives such as transition metal salts, aromatic and heterocyclic amines on grafting reaction has been studied. A suitable mechanism for grafting has been proposed. Finally physical characterization such as thermal analysis (TGA) of the grafted samples has been carried out in order to ensure grafting and to study the change in the properties of the fibers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070280405
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymerization with new class of acidic peroxo salts as initiators. I. Grafting of acrylamide onto cotton-cellulose using potassium monopersulfate, catalyzed by co(II) (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 5693-5703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) onto cotton-cellulose has been studied using a new class of acidic peroxo-salt “potassium monopersulfate” as initiator catalyzed by Co(II). It is observed that the graft yield is influenced by the reaction time, temperature, and concentrations of the monomer, catalyst, initiator, at fixed weight of the polymer. Maximum graft yield (30.8%) is obtained at 40°C under nitrogen atmosphere for the concentrations of monomer 1.2M; initiator 4.83 × 10-3M; Co(II) 5 × 10-4M for 4 h of reaction time. The graft copolymers after proper purification have been subjected to IR analysis, testing of their water-retention properties, rot resistance, tensile properties, and behavior towards acids and alkalies. The results of such analysis are compared with the base. Suitable mechanism for the graft copolymerization is suggested and grafting rate has been evaluated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320701
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymerization with a new class of acidic peroxo salts as initiator. V. Grafting of methyl methacrylate onto jute fiber using potassium monopersulfate catalyzed by Fe(II) (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 3085-3096 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto jute fibers was studied in an aqueous solution using a new class of acidic peroxo salt, potassium monopersulfate, as initiator, under the catalytic influence of Fe(II) under nitrogen atmosphere. The grafting reaction was influenced by the reaction time, temperature, and concentrations of monomer, initiator, and jute fibers. The grafting reactions have also been studied in the presence of various salts and solvents. The maximum grafting percent (385.4%) has been observed at 35°C for the concentration of monomer (1.4082M), initiator (12.9 × 10-3M), catalyst (2.5 × 10-4M), and solvent (acetic acid) composition of (40:60) for a reaction time of 6 h. From the experimental results a suitable mechanism for the graft initiation and termination has been put forth. The graft copolymers have been characterized, and their improved properties such as tensil strength tested.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070371102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hexavalent-chromium-initiated graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto cellulose (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 319-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto cotton-cellulose has been carried out using hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) as initiator. Aqueous-methanolic solution of perchloric acid has been chosen as the reaction medium. The effect of monomer, initiator, acid, reaction medium, and temperature on the graft percentage has been found out. The reactions have also been carried out in the presence of polymerization, inhibitors, and retarders, such as hydroquinone and transition metal salts like CuSO4, FeCl3, etc. The grafted samples, after exhaustive separation of homopolymers and purification, were subjected to various chemical, mechanical, and thermal testings. The results of various analyses have been compared with the reference, and the improvement in the graft has been evaluated. A suitable mechanism for the grafting processes has been suggested, in accordance with the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290130
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting of vinyl monomers onto nylon-6. 1. Graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto nylon-6 using trivalent manganese as initiator (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 80 (1979), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The use of trivalent manganese to initiate graft-copolymerization of acrylamide onto nylon-6 has been investigated. The rate of grafting has been determined by varying monomer, manganese(III), temperature and solvent mixtures. The graft yield increases with increasing monomer concentration up to 0.8 M and with further increase of monomer concentration the graft yield decreases. The percentage of grafting increases with managanese (III) ion concentration up to 5.25 × 10-3 M and thereafter it decreases. The rate of reaction depends on temperature. Among the solvent composition studied, a water/solvent mixture containing 25% of the solvent seems to constitute the most favourable medium for grafting and with further increase of solvent composition, the graft yield decreases.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1979.050800106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aqueous polymerisation of acrylonitrile initiated by the V(V)-ethylene glycol redox system (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1977), S. 2975-2981 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of acrylonitrile polymerisation initiated by the redox system V(V)-ethylene glycol were investigated in aqueous sulfuric acid in the temperature range 40-50°C. The rate of polymerisation, of V(V) disappearance, and the chain lengths of polyacrylonitrile were measured. The effect of certain water miscible organic solvents and certain neutral salts on the rate of polymerisation was investigated. The kinetics are consistent with the formation of an intermediate complex between the diol and the oxidant whose decomposition leads to the initiating radical. A suitable kinetic scheme is proposed and the various rate and energy parameters are computed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1977.021781101
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