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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 452-454 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A diffraction grating mounted in the focal region of a modified scanning electron microscope has been used to produce far-infrared Smith–Purcell radiation. The electron beam radius, voltage, and current ranges were 3–27 μm, 27–40 kV, and 10–140 μA, respectively. The micron scale of the electron beam was well matched to the evanescent surface waves of the grating. The measured wavelength range extended from 288 to 803 μm, and both the wavelengths and the intensities observed were in accord with expectations based on theory. The details of the experiment and a summary of the results will be discussed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 252-254 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Grating-coupled oscillator experiments covering the 1 cm–400 μm wavelength range are reported. Two coexisting modes of operation have been identified; a relatively low frequency signal (LFM) that is widely tunable with voltage and a high frequency signal (HFM) that tunes over a more reduced wavelength and voltage range. Observed wavelength and start oscillation currents of the LFM correspond well with a simple model of the beam-electromagnetic wave interaction. Electronic tuning ranges of 50 GHz with start oscillation currents of 0.5–1.5 A at beam voltages of 50–100 kV are typical. Power levels approach a kW at longer millimeter wavelengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 1298-1300 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: First operation of a sapphire-based Cerenkov free electron laser is reported. It is a tunable source of coherent millimeter and submillimeter radiation. The phase velocity of light in sapphire is about one-tenth of that in free space so that Cerenkov radiation is obtained at modest electron beam energies. In addition to its role as a Cerenkov coupler, the sapphire forms a high Q resonator obviating external mirrors. The spontaneous Cerenkov emission is well-confined by this resonator and can build to watts of power. Measured tuning and threshold currents are presented and compared with the predictions of free electron laser theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 358 (1992), S. 224-226 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Arctic Ocean is generally regarded as a potentially sensi-tive indicator of global change, especially as the predicted result of continued greenhouse-gas emissions is a global warming with high-latitude amplification1. Such a warming could thus have important consequences for the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Doran et al. reply — Turner et al. do not find fault with our main focus — the rapid ecological response to recent cooling in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The essence of their comment is that the spatial interpolation of the Antarctic continental data set (our Fig. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 10 (1988), S. 1-20 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Lasing processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto In questo lavoro si discutono le caratteristiche dello spettro della radiazione Ĉerenkov, emessa in guide d'onde circolari e rettangolari riempite con dielettrico. Si analizzano inoltre le proprietà della radiazione emessa da un fascio di elettroni in moto in prossimità e parallelamente alla superficie di una »slab» di dielettrico. Si discute, infine, brevemente, l'importanza di questi risultati per la realizzazione di un possibile FEL-Ĉerenkov.
    Abstract: Резюме Обсуждаются основиые особенности спектральных характеристик спонтанного черенковского излучения в круговых и прямоугольных волноводах, заполненных диэлектриком. Также анализируются характеристики излучения, испущенного электронным пучком, движущимся вблизи и пораллелйно поверхности диэлектрической пластинки. В заключение, вкратце обсуждется применимость полученных результатов в возможных FEL-черенковских приборах.
    Notes: Summary The main features of the spectral characteristics of the spontaneously emitted Ĉerenkov light in circular and rectangular wave guides filled with dielectric are discussed. The characteristics of the radiation emitted by an electron beam moving near and parallel to the surface of a dielectric slab are also analysed. Finally, the relevance of these results to a possible FEL-Ĉerenkov operation is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 45 (1984), S. 51-74 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: MR65 M15 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary The error of the approximate solution obtained by discretising a functional equation can be shown under certain conditions to possess an asymptotic expansion in terms of some parameter which is usually a representative step-length. We consider the case of two-parameter expansions, which is particularly relevant to parabolic equations. We derive results for the existence of the expansion and for the application of the classical difference correction and of defect correction. The theory is illustrated by the discussion of a simple parabolic problem
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 12 (1996), S. 785-798 
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A coupled ice-ocean model of the Arctic is developed in order to study the effects of precipitation and river runoff on sea ice. A dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model is coupled to an ocean general circulation model which includes a turbulent closure scheme for vertical mixing. The model is forced by interannually varying atmospheric temperature and pressure data from 1980–1989, and spatially varying mean monthly precipitation and river runoffs. Salinity and fresh water fluxes to the ocean from ice growth, snow melt, rain, and runoffs are computed, with no artificial constraints on the ocean salinity. The modeled ice thickness is similar to the observed pattern, with the thickest ice remaining against the Canadian Archipelago throughout the year. The modeled ice drift reproduces the Beaufort gyre and Transpolar drift exiting through Fram Strait. The stable arctic halocline produced by the vertical mixing scheme isolates the surface from the Atlantic layer and reduces the vertical fluxes of heat and salinity. A sensitivity experiment with zero precipitation results in rapidly decreasing ice thickness, in response to greater ocean heat flux from a weakening of the halocline, while an experiment with doubled precipitation results in a smaller increase in ice thickness. A zero-runoff experiment results in a slower decrease in ice thickness than the zero-precipitation case, due to the decadal time scale of the transport of runoff in the model. The results suggest that decadal trends in both arctic precipitation and river runoffs, caused either by anthropogenic or natural climatic change, have the potential to exert broad-scale impacts on the arctic sea ice regime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 11 (1990), S. 1189-1224 
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Studies from a variety of disciplines documentrecentchange in the northern high-latitude environment.Prompted by predictions of an amplified response oftheArctic to enhanced greenhouse forcing, we present asynthesis of these observations. Pronounced winter andspring warming over northern continents since about 1970ispartly compensated by cooling over the northern NorthAtlantic. Warming is also evident over the centralArcticOcean. There is a downward tendency in sea ice extent,attended by warming and increased areal extent of theArctic Ocean's Atlantic layer. Negative snow coveranomalies have dominated over both continents sincethelate 1980s and terrestrial precipitation has increasedsince 1900. Small Arctic glaciers have exhibitedgenerally negative mass balances. While permafrost haswarmed in Alaska and Russia, it has cooled in easternCanada. There is evidence of increased plant growth,attended by greater shrub abundance and northwardmigration of the tree line. Evidence also suggeststhatthe tundra has changed from a net sink to a net sourceofatmospheric carbon dioxide.Taken together, these results paint a reasonablycoherent picture of change, but their interpretationassignals of enhanced greenhouse warming is open todebate.Many of the environmental records are either short,areof uncertain quality, or provide limited spatialcoverage. The recent high-latitude warming is also nolarger than the interdecadal temperature range duringthis century. Nevertheless, the general patterns ofchange broadly agree with model predictions. Roughlyhalfof the pronounced recent rise in Northern Hemispherewinter temperatures reflects shifts in atmosphericcirculation. However, such changes are notinconsistentwith anthropogenic forcing and include generallypositive phases of the North Atlantic and ArcticOscillations and extratropical responses to theEl-NiñoSouthern Oscillation. An anthropogenic effect is alsosuggested from interpretation of the paleoclimaterecord,which indicates that the 20th century Arctic is thewarmest of the past 400 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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